{"id":3204,"date":"2019-06-08T13:35:56","date_gmt":"2019-06-08T17:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/?p=3204"},"modified":"2019-06-08T13:35:56","modified_gmt":"2019-06-08T17:35:56","slug":"waiguoqiaowugongzuoyulingshibaohuyanjiu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/2019\/06\/08\/3204\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5916\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0e\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7814\u7a76"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3332 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/326BB81F@61D8A54F.C009E95C.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"713\" height=\"947\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u4e18 \u7acb \u672c<\/strong><br 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]<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u4e3a\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u62c9\u5927\u4e86\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u5357\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u30022000\u5e74\u5168\u7403GDP\u4e3a30\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0830 trillion\uff09, \u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u4e3a5000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c[12] \u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u5927,1975\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u662f\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u76848 \u500d\uff0c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u768441\u500d\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u4e862000\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u662f\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u768416 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]<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u8d1f\u589e\u957f\u548c\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u65e5\u8d8b\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6781\u5ea6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u53e3\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u589e\u957f\u671f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5927\u91cf\u8fc7\u5269\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u589e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6bcf\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a08300\u4e07\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d8200\u4e07\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5927\u7ea6230\u4e07\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u8fbe\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5360\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u76842\/3\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa1800\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u768420%\u800c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u76848%\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u4f53\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u4f46\u52302050\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c06\u964d\u52307%\u800c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5219\u5c06\u5347\u81f320%\uff0c\u9ad8\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u5fc5\u7136\u5e26\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002[14]<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e1a\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e3a\u8de8\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6108\u6765\u6108\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u53ea\u8981\u82b1\u4e0a2500\u7f8e\u5143\u4fbf\u53ef\u5230\u8fbe\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u53ea\u8981\u82b11-2\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4fbf\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002[15]<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e3\u8de8\u56fd\u8fc1\u79fb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e20\u9053\u548c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u79fb\u5c45\u6210\u672c\u548c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u5185\u5728\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u800c\u79fb\u6c11\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u66f4\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79fb\u6c11\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002[16]<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a0\u5f3a\u8fb9\u754c\u7ba1\u5236\u5e76\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236,\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u65e5\u8d8b\u589e\u591a\u3002\u636e\u6b27\u76df\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c1990\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u7ea6200\u4e07\uff0c2001\u5e74\u589e\u81f3300\u4e07\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ee550\u4e07\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c2000-2015\u5e74\u95f4\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c06\u67094500\u4e07\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c06\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u56e0\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5c31\u4e1a\u800c\u6d41\u5411\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u5c06\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u300220\u5e74\u524d\u8fdb\u5165\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u53ea\u5360\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u768420%\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u5360\u4e86\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u76841\/3\u81f31\/2\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8fb9\u754c\u902e\u6355\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u5165\u5883\u8005\u591a\u8fbe150\u4e07\u30022000\u5e74\u6ede\u7559\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u5df2\u591a\u8fbe900\u4e07\u81f31100\u4e07\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u539f\u5148\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002[17] \u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u79fb\u6c11\u6a21\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4e0e\u754c\u7ebf\u7684\u6a21\u7cca ,\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u6837\u5316\u4e0e\u8de8\u56fd\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u65af\uff08Stephen Castles\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a7a\u524d\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u589e\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u79fb\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u7ebf\u4e5f\u65e5\u8d8b\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u867d\u6781\u529b\u9f13\u52b1\u67d0\u79cd\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u540c\u65f6\u9650\u5236\u67d0\u79cd\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u96be\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u65bd\u5176\u653f\u7b56\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u53bb\u5355\u5411\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u5360\u5c45\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u65c5\u8d39\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u5f80\u8fd4\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u591a\u5411\u73af\u56de\u6027\u79fb\u6c11(repeated and circulatory migration)\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u79fb\u6c11(temporary migration)\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u65e5\u89c1\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u201c\u518d\u79fb\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e5f\u65e5\u8d8b\u5bc6\u5207, \u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u5458\u9891\u7e41\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u8c13 \u201c\u8de8\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8de8\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff08transnational community\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\uff08transnationism\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u79fb\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u8005\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6c47\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u548c\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u6bcd\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u6743\u529b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u6000\u7591\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8de8\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u8de8\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u8ba4\u540c\uff08multiple identities\uff09\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u516c\u6c11\u6743(multi-layered citizenship) \u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d(dual nationality)\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6210\u5206\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u9ad8\u8fbe47.5%\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u8d70\u5411\u4e5f\u5df2\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5357\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5357\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u548c\u4e2d\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5357\u5357\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u6c11\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e2\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u53c8\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u5165\u56fd\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u8fc7\u5883\u56fd\u3002[18]<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4e0e\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u8de8\u56fd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5316\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u5cfb\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bb8\u591a\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u83b7\u53d6\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5168\u7403\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u91cf\u52b3\u529b\u548c\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6446\u8131\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a92\u4f53\u8fc5\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u56fd\u5916\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u5185\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u52a8\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u56fd\u5185\u5c31\u4e1a\u538b\u529b\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u6bcf\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u52a1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a 3000 &#8211; 3500\u4e07\u4eba, \u6bd420\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u589e\u957f 50% \uff0c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u96be\u5f97\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002\u4f8b\u59822001\u5e74\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de586.66\u4e07\u4eba,\u5176\u4e2d\u9646\u4e0a\u52b3\u5de566.16\u4e07\u4eba,\u6d77\u4e0a\u52b3\u5de520.5\u4e07\u4eba,\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5b58\u91cf\u589e\u81f3741\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e3a\u8be5\u56fd\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768410%\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e2d\u4e1c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de5\u4eba\u6570\u5728300\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898,\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002[19 ] \u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u5de8\u989d\u4fa8\u6c47\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u5b50\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u6536\u5165\u901a\u8fc7\u94f6\u884c\u6216\u79c1\u4eba\u673a\u6784\u8fc5\u901f\u6c47\u56de\u5bb6\u91cc\u3002[20] 1970\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u4fa8\u6c47\u603b\u989d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u523020\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c1999\u5e74\u5176\u6570\u989d\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc71000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u589e\u957f\u4e8650\u500d\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c2006\u5e74\u5ea6\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9884\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c2005\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u6e20\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u7684\u4fa8\u6c47\u603b\u6570\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc72320\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f971670\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u4e24\u500d\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u7531\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u6e20\u9053\u6c47\u51fa\u7684\u4fa8\u6c47\u4f30\u8ba1\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u5b57\u768450%\u3002\u4fa8\u6c47\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5916\u8d44\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u662f\u4fa8\u6c47\u6700\u5927\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\uff0c\u5171\u83b7\u5f97217\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd213\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5181\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd127\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe116\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u56fd,\u4fa8\u6c47\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u867d\u4e0d\u5927,\u4f46\u5728\u5176GDP\u4e2d\u5374\u5360\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u6bd4\u91cd\uff1a\u5982\u6c64\u52a0\uff0831%\uff09\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u591a\u74e6\uff0827.1%\uff09\uff0c \u83b1\u7d22\u6258\uff0825.8%\uff09\u6d77\u5730(24.8%)\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u9ed1\u585e\u54e5\u7ef4\u90a3(22.5%)\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe1\uff09\u4fa8\u6c47\u8fd8\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5916\u6c47\u6765\u6e90\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe2\uff09\u5b83\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8bb8\u591a\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u53e3 [21]\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4fa8\u6c47\u6536\u5165\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc7\u5916\u56fd\u53d1\u5c55\u652f\u52a9\u91d1\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u548c\u7684\u5df2\u670936\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u8f93\u51fa\u4ea7\u54c1\u6536\u5165\u7684\u670928\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[22]<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u9664\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u4fa8\u6c47\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u7535\u8baf\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u62c9\u7f8e\u5b66\u8005Manuel Orozco\u56e0\u4e4b\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c5Ts\u201d\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u5373Tranfer of remittance\uff0cTranspotation\uff0cTelecommunication \uff0cTourism\uff0cTrade\u4e94\u4e2a\u201cT\u201d\u5b57\u5934\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002[ 23]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u56fe1 2006\u5e7410\u5927\u4fa8\u6c47\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd [24]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3335 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\u56fe1-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"703\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Source: Author&#8217;s calculation based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook<br \/>\n2007, World Development Indicators 2007, and World Bank Development Prospects Group data.<br \/>\n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u56fe2 \u6d41\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4fa8\u6c47\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3333 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/proxy.gif.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Source: Author&#8217;s calculation based on Global Development Finance<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2007 and IMF Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook 2006.<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u6d41\u5931\uff08brain drain\uff09\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u4e3a\u5173\u5207\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30022000 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gain\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u201c\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\uff08brain circulation\uff09\u4e3a\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u8425\u8fd0\u5f00\u8f9f\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002[25]<\/p>\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6IT\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u300290\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u5927\u91cf\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u5411\u6b27\u7f8e\uff0c\u66fe\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u6df1\u611f\u5fe7\u8651\u548c\u65e0\u5948\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u4e8b\u6001\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u624d\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u5931\u201d 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Commission on Filipinos Overseas [CFO]\uff09\u7531\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u51fa\u4efb\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u5f00\u5c55\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[50]<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3001\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u5371\u5730\u9a6c\u62c9\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7b49\u4e5f\u90fd\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5185\u8bbe\u7acb\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u529e\u4e8b\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u4e13\u95e8\u52df\u96c6\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5165\u5883\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7acb\u56fd\u540e\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u540c\u80de\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002[51]<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5f00\u5c55\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6df1\u611f\u653f\u5e9c\u6d89\u4fa8\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u30022000\u5e74\u6ce2\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u534f\u8c03\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u6ce2\u5170\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002[52]1997\u5e74\u57c3\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u7531\u4eba\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u3001\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u7b4913 \u4e2a \u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u7ec4\u6210\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6d89\u4fa8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[53] \u7231\u5c14\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb \u2018\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u90e8\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\u4ee5\u6c47\u603b\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[54]<\/p>\n<p>2, \u5f00\u5c55\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76, \u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5165\u638c\u63e1\u4fa8\u60c5\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6,\u4e0d\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u52a0\u5927\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u7814\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u72b6\u5f00\u5c55\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4fa8\u6c11\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>? 2000\u5e748\u6708\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u52a8\u5458\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u3001\u6d89\u5916\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u9a7b\u5916\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u548c\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5411\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u63d0\u4ea4 \u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u201d\u3002[55]<\/p>\n<p>2002\u5e74\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IOM\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002[56]<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u4f5c\u5e76\u83b7\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8d44\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u79fb\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\uff08IMIS\uff09[57]<\/p>\n<p>2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5b8c\u6210\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5bf9\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0e\u4fa8\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\u62a5\u544a\u5e76\u4efb\u547d\u4e00\u4e13\u95e8\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5927\u529b\u8868\u5f70\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u4e1a\u7ee9\uff0c\u5173\u5fc3\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\u3002[58]<\/p>\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u5165\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5df2\u8fd1100\u4e07\u30022002\u5e74\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76; \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7b49\u5355\u4f4d\u4e5f\u5b8c\u6210\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u201d, \u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fa8\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u3002[59]<\/p>\n<p>2003 \u5e74,\u97e9\u56fd\u524d\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u6743\u4e19\u5f26\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u201c\u97e9\u4fa8\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u201d\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8054\u5408\u53ec\u5f00\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u97e9\u4eba\u300b\u3002[60]<\/p>\n<p>\u667a\u5229\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3001\u9a6c\u91cc\u3001\u79d1\u7279\u8fea\u74e6\u3001\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7b49\u56fd\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u5176\u5b83\u624b\u6bb5\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3\u672c\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u3002[61]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8c03\u7814\u62a5\u544a\u6240\u7528\u6570\u636e\u591a\u7ecf\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u6838\u5b9e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u6027\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff0c \u5236\u8ba2\u5177\u4f53\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5c06\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u9010\u6b65\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u540e\u5148\u540e\u5236\u8ba2\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u5c06\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2005\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5236\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u4e13\u5bb6\u987e\u95ee\u77ed\u671f\u56de\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u4f20\u6388\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002[62 ]<\/p>\n<p>2003\u5e74\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u5728\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb2\u8981\u3002[63]<\/p>\n<p>\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u6b63\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e00\u5305\u542b\u6d89\u53ca\u4fa8\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u7684\u5efa\u8bbe\u7eb2\u9886\u3002[64 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u201c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c4\u5212\u201d\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6574\u5408\u3001\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4e0e\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u3001\u4fa8\u6c47\u652f\u4e61\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u5f80\u6765\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eba\u9053\u6551\u52a9\u7b49\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u3002[65 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u3001[66] \u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u3001[67]\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\u3001[68]\u8d1d\u5b81\u3001[69] \u201d\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u3001[70] \u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a[71]\u548c\u82ac\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u201d[72]\u4e5f\u90fd\u5148\u540e\u5236\u5b9a\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u652f\u63f4\u5bb6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4, \u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5,\u786e\u4fdd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027,\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/p>\n<p>1983\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u7559\u7ed9\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c1112\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d,\u4ece\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019\uff08 CSFE)\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u3002[73]<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u5927\u52291989\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08CGIE\uff09\uff0c\u5916\u7c4d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u53ef\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u534a\u6570\u3002\u8bae\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0a\u96626\u5e2d\uff0c\u4e0b\u966212\u5e2d\u3002.\u5141\u8bb8\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u3002[74]<\/p>\n<p>\u8461\u8404\u72591996\u6210\u7acb \u2018\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6d77\u5916\u793e\u56e2\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5236\u5b9a\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5904\u7406\u6d89\u4fa8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002[75]<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u72591987\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u6d77\u5916 \u2018\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c45\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\u548c\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002[76]<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u814a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u2018\u5e0c\u814a\u4fa8\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019,\u7531\u5404\u653f\u515a\u8054\u5408\u7ec4\u6210,\u4e3a\u957f\u8bbe\u7684\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784,\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u9884\u7b97,.[77] \u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176\u4fa8\u6c11\u4fdd\u755912\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c[78]<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce2\u5170\u2018\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u5efa\u2018\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\u8d1f\u8d23\u5f00\u5c55\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0b\u9662\u8bbe\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u8054\u7edc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u95f4\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e89\u53d6\u4fa8\u6c11\u6743\u76ca\u3002[79]<\/p>\n<p>1998\u5e74\u571f\u8033\u5176\u5efa\u7acb \u2018\u6d77\u5916\u56fd\u6c11\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019\u4e0b\u5c5e 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\u4e94\u79cd\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e94\u79cd\u4eba\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u662f\u6839\u636e1981\u5e74\u7684\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u6cd5\u548c2002\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u9886\u571f\u6cd5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u4ee4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5bf9FCO\u53ca\u5176\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0e\u76d1\u7763\u4e5f\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7acb\u6cd5\u4e0d\u65ad\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u4eba\u3001\u8d22\u3001\u7269\u7684\u7b79\u63aa\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u90fd\u6709\u7ae0\u53ef\u5faa\uff0c\u6709\u6cd5\u53ef\u4f9d\u3002\u5b8c\u5907\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u673a\u5236\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u9884\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5e94\u6025\u673a\u5236\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u673a\u5236\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u524d\u63d0\u3002[119]<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u4e0e\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u5165\u56fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u6570\u4ee5\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5df2\u670980\u591a\u4e07\u4fa8\u6c11\u957f\u671f\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u53ea\u67092000\u4e07\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u51fa\u5883\u65c5\u6e38\u3001\u7ecf\u5546\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u5230400\u4e07\u4eba\u6b21\uff0c\u7ea6\u5360\u5176\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768420%\u3002<br \/>\n\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3b\u7ba1\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u662f\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u90e8\u3002\uff08The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade\uff0c DFAT\uff09 \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u8bbe\u7acb\u5927\u4f7f\u998646\u4e2a\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u4e13\u5458\u516c\u7f72 25\u4e2a\uff0c\u9886\u4e8b\u998640\u4e2a\uff0c\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u998627\u4e2a\uff0c\u7531\u8363\u8a89\u9886\u4e8b\u4e3a\u9996\u7684\u9886\u998649\u4e2a\uff0c\u8363\u8a89\u9886\u4e8b\u99862 \u4e2a\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fd8\u572821\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u63d0\u4f9b\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4ece\u4e8b\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u804c\u5458\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u5bfc \u5728\u582a\u57f9\u62c9\u5c31\u67091190\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u5dde\u548c\u9886\u5730\u7684\u804c\u5458 254\u4eba\uff0c\u6d3e\u9a7b\u56fd\u5916\u7684506\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u62db\u8058\u7684\u591a\u8fbe1406\u4eba\u3002[120]<\/p>\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6bcf\u5e74\u51fa\u5883\u4eba\u6b21\u8fdc\u6bd4\u82f1\u56fd\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u9886\u4e8b\u7f51\u70b9\u5374\u5bc6\u5e03\u5168\u7403\u3002\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u7279\u522b\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u8054\u90a6\u5404\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u5341\u5206\u5bc6\u5207\uff0c\u5bf9\u5916\u65c5\u6e38\u4e1a\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u6fb3\u4eba\u51fa\u6e38\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5206\u5e03\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u4e5f\u683c\u5916\u5730\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u524d\u5916\u957f\u5510\u7eb3\uff08Hon Alexander Doower\uff09\u5c31\u66fe\u7ecf\u591a\u6b21\u5bf9\u5a92\u4f53\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u81ea\u4ed61996\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u5916\u957f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u76f4\u628a\u63d0\u4f9b\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u9996\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u6bd4\u4fdd\u62a4\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5916\u516c\u6c11\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u4e86 \u201d\u3002[121]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u63d0\u9ad8\u804c\u5458\u7684\u7d20\u8d28\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3b\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e09\u79cd\u57f9\u8bad\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u5bf9\u6d3e\u5f80\u56fd\u5916\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u8bb2\u6388\u9886\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u6b63\u89c4\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u4e3e\u529e\u4e00\u6b21\u533a\u57df\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u804c\u5458\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u4e09\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u4e0a\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9886\u9986\u95f4\u5e94\u53d8\u65b9\u6848\u4e0e\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e5f\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u804c\u5458\u4e1a\u52a1\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u597d\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u9884\u8b66\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5728DFAT\u7f51\u7ad9\u53d1\u5e03218\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u5373\u65f6\u5bf9\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u5e03\u65c5\u6e38\u8b66\u544a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8\u51fa\u5883\u65c5\u5ba2\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5148\u540e\u4e0e\u79c1\u4eba\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u548c\u65c5\u6e38\u516c\u53f8\u5408\u4f5c\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u7ed9\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u65c5\u6e38\u8005\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u300b\u4e0e\u300a\u5e2e\u52a9\u6d77\u5916\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u300b\u4e24\u672c\u624b\u518c\u3002\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u4eb2\u81ea\u51fa\u5e2d\u8fd9\u4e24\u672c\u624b\u518c\u7684\u9996\u53d1\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e88\u4ee5\u63a8\u8350\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e24\u672c\u624b\u518c\u90fd\u514d\u8d39\u8d60\u9001\u62a4\u7167\u9886\u53d6\u8005\u3002[122] \u6b64\u5916DFAT\u8fd8\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff08Consular Services Charter\uff09\u548c\u300a\u65c5\u6e38\u65b0\u95fb\u5feb\u62a5\u300b\uff08Travellers`Bulletins\uff09\u627f\u8bfa\u4e3a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u516c\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u5feb\u901f\u548c\u5468\u5230\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e3a\u51fa\u6e38\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u65b0\u65c5\u6e38\u5b89\u5168\u4fe1\u606f\u3002[123]<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5e94\u6025\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u5df2\u5728\u582a\u57f9\u62c9\u8bbe\u7acb\u6bcf\u592924\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u54687\u5929\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6e38\u5ba2\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u9047\u5230\u56f0\u96be\u53ef\u514d\u8d39\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8bdd\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e2d\u5fc3\u63f4\u52a9\u3002\u51fa\u73b0\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0e\u8d38\u6613\u90e8\u6839\u636e\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u90e8\u9645\u5e94\u6025\u5c0f\u7ec4\u6216\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u52a0\u4ee5\u5904\u7f6e\u30022002\u5e74\u5e94\u6025\u5c0f\u7ec4\u66fe\u5904\u740639\u4ef6\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c2003\u5e74\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u51cf\u81f326\u4ef6\u3002\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u5bf9\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7279\u5927\u6050\u6016\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u96be\u65f6\u53ec\u96c6\u7d27\u6025\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u7edf\u4e00\u6307\u6325\u6551\u707e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5370\u5c3c\u5df4\u91cc\u7206\u70b8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u548c\u5357\u4e9a\u6d77\u5578\u4e2d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u63aa\u65bd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u5c5e\u6e21\u8fc7\u4e86\u6781\u5176\u8270\u96be\u65f6\u8fb0\u3002[124]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d77\u5916\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u5728\u906d\u9047\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u3001\u4eba\u4e3a\u52a8\u4e71\u548c\u4e2a\u75c5\u75db\u65f6\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u547c\u5401\u65c5\u5916\u7684\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u516c\u6c11\u5230\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u767b\u8bb0\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f4f\u5740\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u7b49\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u5728\u5373\u65f6\u5230\u8fbe\u73b0\u573a\u4e88\u4ee5\u6551\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e09\uff09 \u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u7279\u70b9<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u79f0\u9738\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u51fa\u5883\u4eba\u53e3\u7ea66000\u4e07\u4eba\u6b21\uff0c\u5360\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768420%\u5de6\u53f3\u3002 \u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4e3b\u7ba1\u90e8\u95e8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\uff0c\uff08The U.S. Department of State\uff09\u5177\u4f53\u8d1f\u8d23\u6b64\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u662f\u5176\u5c5e\u4e0b\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\u3002\uff08Bureau of Consular Affairs\uff09\u636e\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c.\u7f8e\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u8bbe\u6709\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u3001\u9886\u4e8b\u9986211\u5904\u3002\u4ece\u4e8b\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u591a\u8fbe8000\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u76f4\u63a5\u8058\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u4ece\u4e8b\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u7ea6275\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684115\u4eba\uff0c\u9a7b\u5916\u7684160\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u804c\u5458\u591a\u8058\u7528\u5f53\u5730\u4eba\u3002\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u76f4\u63a5\u8058\u7528\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u9664\u4e86\u5b8c\u6210\u6b63\u89c4\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u670d\u52a1\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u7ecf6\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u4e13\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u3002\u4e2d\u4e0b\u5c42\u804c\u5458\u4e5f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u822c\u4e1a\u52a1\u57f9\u8bad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u9884\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u6bd4\u8f83\u5b8c\u5907\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b98\u65b9\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u548c\u5ba3\u4f20\u624b\u518c\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5373\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u56fd\u5916\u65c5\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u6700\u5177\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u9886\u4e8b\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\u4e3b\u7ba1\u7684\u300a\u9886\u4e8b\u4fe1\u606f\u300b\uff08The Consular Information Program\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u5916\u4ea4\u5b89\u5168\u5c40\u5c5e\u4e0b\u6d77\u5916\u5b89\u5168\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08The Overseas Security Advisory Council, OSAC\uff09\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3a\u957f\u4f4f\u6d77\u5916\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u51fa\u6e38\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u800c\u8bbe\uff0c\u680f\u76ee\u9f50\u5168\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u72b6\u51b5\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u5404\u56fd\u7279\u522b\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff08Country Specific Information\uff09\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd1\u671f\u5b89\u5168\u9690\u60a3\u7684\u201c\u65c5\u884c\u8b66\u544a\u201d\uff08travel Warning,\u548c Travel Alerts )\u8fd8\u6709\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u6307\u5357\u3002\u540e\u8005\u662f\u4e13\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u4eba\u800c\u8bbe\u7684\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u9664\u4e86\u8fd1\u671f\u5b89\u5168\u8b66\u62a5\u5916\u8fd8\u53d1\u8868\u6709\u5173\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u52a8\u4e71\u548c\u6050\u6016\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5e94\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4e8b\u52a1\u5c40\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5ba3\u4f20\u624b\u518c\u5982\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u516c\u6c11\u6307\u5357\u300b\uff08Tips for Americans Residing Abroad\uff09\u7b49\u4e5f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8f7d\u3002[125]<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u673a\u5236\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5065\u5168\u3002\u201c9.11\u201d \u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5927\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6311\u6218\u7684\u9884\u8b66\u548c\u5e94<br \/>\n\u7f8e\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u67092600\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u56e0\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u88ab\u62d8\u62bc\u5165\u72f1\u30026000\u4eba\u56e0\u5404\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u6545\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8bbe\u6709\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u5371\u673a\u5904\u7406\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d\uff08The State Department`\u8282Office of American Citizens and Crisis Management, ACS \uff09\u4e13\u95e8\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6c42\u52a9\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u9047\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u707e\u96be\uff0c\u53ef\u5c31\u8fd1\u5411\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u6c42\u63f4\uff0c\u5404\u5730\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u8bbe\u6709\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u6025\u884c\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Embassy Emergency Action Committee \uff0cEAC)\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u534e\u76db\u987f\u6c42\u63f4\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4f1a\u6309\u89c4\u5b9a\u63a2\u8bbf\u88ab\u62d8\u62bc\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u5904\u7406\u6b7b\u8005\u5584\u540e\u4e8b\u5b9c\u3002[126]<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u548c\u6050\u6016\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u8bbe\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u673a\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1\uff0c\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\uff08Operation Center \uff09\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc324\u5c0f\u65f6\u76d1\u89c6\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6709\u5371\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8be5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5373\u53ef\u6210\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5efa\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u673a\u6784\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\u5e94\u6025\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7684\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u505a\u51fa\u6551\u63f4\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u89e3\u6551\u9047\u9669\u6d77\u5916\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff0c\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7279\u9063\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u7279\u522b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ec4\uff08Washington Task ,Working Group\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u7ec4\u53ea\u5728\u6025\u9700\u914d\u5408\u51fa\u4e8b\u5730\u533a\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6551\u52a9\u65f6\u624d\u51fa\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u707e\u96be\u5e94\u5bf9\u534f\u8c03\u673a\u6784\uff08U.S. Government international Disaster Response Coordination \uff09\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u56fd\u9645\u53d1\u5c55\u603b\u7f72\uff08AID\uff09\u4ee3\u7406\u5904\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5916\u707e\u96be\u6c42\u52a9\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff08OFDA\uff09\u8be5\u5ba424\u5c0f\u65f6\u6709\u4eba\u503c\u73ed\u3002[ 127]<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u4eba\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u5927\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5927\u4f01\u4e1a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u5065\u5168\u5b89\u5168\u673a\u5236\u3002\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u603b\u90e8\u7684\u5404\u5206\u90e8\u90fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5371\u673a\u5904\u7406\u5c0f\u7ec4\uff08Crisis Management, Team, CMI\uff09,\u5236\u8ba2\u5b89\u5168\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4ee5\u4fbf\u51fa\u73b0\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u653f\u5e9c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5168\u529b\u6551\u52a9\u3002[128 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u63a8\u884c\u9738\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u56db\u5904\u5e72\u6d89\u522b\u56fd\u5185\u653f\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u5404\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u867d\u6709\u5065\u5168\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u9884\u8b66\u548c\u5e94\u6025\u673a\u5236\u4ecd\u96be\u514d\u906d\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u56db\uff09 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130]<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u51fa\u5883\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u65c5\u5ba2\u7684\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u4e0a\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u673a\u7387\u4e5f\u589e\u52a0\u30022001\u5e74\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u51fa\u56fd\u65c5\u6e38\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u52301621\u4e07\u4eba\u6b21\uff0c\u4fa8\u5c45\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u65e5\u4eba\u8fbe\u523083.7\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6d77\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u906d\u53d7\u5404\u79cd\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u6848\u4ef62000\u5e74\u5df2\u8fbe\u523014752\u4ef6\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u5e9c\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u52301.7\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c2001\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u53d1\u8868\u300a\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u6539\u9769\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u5ba3\u544a\u5916\u4ea4\u6539\u9769\u6b63\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u4e00\u5373\u4e3a\u9886\u4e8b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6539\u9769\u3002[ 131]<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u6b64\u6b21\u5916\u4ea4\u6539\u9769\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u56fd\u6c11\u540c\u884c\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u843d\u5b9e\u5230\u9886\u4e8b\u5236\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u5373\u662f\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8d34\u8fd1\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6784\u7b51\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0e\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u6d77\u5916\u56fd\u6c11\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4e0e\u8d22\u4ea7\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u6539\u9769\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u9886\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u65e7\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u670d\u52a1\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e1a\u52a1\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u6269\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u9762\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u4e1a\u52a1\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u7aef\u6b63\u670d\u52a1\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u6539\u5584\u670d\u52a1\u7a97\u53e3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d28\u91cf\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5065\u5168\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6b21\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fc5\u901f\u8ddf\u4e0a\u65f6\u4ee3\u6b65\u4f10\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5728\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u9884\u8b66\u673a\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5e94\u6025\u673a\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5df2\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u897f\u65b9\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d8b\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u4e0d\u4f46\u91cd\u89c6\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u6d77\u5916\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u89c6\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u4eba\u5373\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u65e5\u672c\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u5546\u793e\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u57f9\u8bad\u9636\u6bb5\u5c31\u5230\u4f01\u4e1a\u5b9e\u4e60\uff0c\u719f\u6089\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4f01\u4e1a\u65b9\u9762\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e5f\u5927\u529b\u8d44\u52a9\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u4e8c\u662f\u65e5\u672c\u5411\u6765\u5341\u5206\u5173\u5fc3\u5176\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u65e5\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u5916\u52a1\u7701\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u90e8\u95e8\u517c\u7ba1\u7684\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u628a\u4fa8\u52a1\u548c\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de7\u5999\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u8fd9\u4e24\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n<p 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\u5982\u679c\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u56fd\u4eba\u6b21\u8fbe\u5230\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768410%,\u5c31\u662f1\u4ebf3000\u4e07\u4eba\u6b21\u4e86\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u82f1\uff0c\u7f8e\u3001\u6cd5\u51fa\u5883\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u800c\u5230\u8fbe\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u957f\u8fdc\uff0c\u636e\u56fd\u9645\u65c5\u6e38\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ec5\u5c31\u56fd\u9645\u65c5\u6e38\u800c\u8a00\uff0c2020\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u51fa\u5883\u4eba\u6570\u5c06\u8d85\u8fc71\u4ebf\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5c40\u52bf\u65e5\u8d8b\u590d\u6742\u5316\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u597d\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u4e0a\u4ebf\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6743\u76ca\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\u5c06\u662f\u6446\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u9762\u524d\u7684\u8270\u5de8\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u4e25\u5cfb\u8003\u9a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u9274\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u65b0\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8df5\u884c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e3a\u6c11\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u578b\u9886\u4e8b\u673a\u5173\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u3001\u9884\u8b66\u548c\u5e94\u6025\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u663e\u8457\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002[138] \u4fa8\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u4e5f\u5e94\u89e3\u653e\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ece\u201c\u4fa8\u529b\u4e3a\u56fd\u201d\u8f6c\u5230\u201c\u56fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4fa8\u201d\u4e0a\u6765[139]\uff0c\u53d1\u6325\u6211\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u914d\u5408\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7ef4\u62a4\u6211\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u6cd5\u4eba\u4e0e\u534e\u4fa8\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u4e0e\u4eba\u8eab\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u3002\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u5927\u534e\u4fa8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ece\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7acb\u6cd5\u548c\u76d1\u7763\u89d2\u5ea6\u884c\u4f7f\u5176\u804c\u6743\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4fa8\u52a1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4fa8\u52a1\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u53ef\u4ece\u884c\u653f\u89d2\u5ea6\u884c\u4f7f\u4fdd\u62a4\u534e\u4fa8\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u6e2f\u6fb3\u53f0\u4fa8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u534f\u5546\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5f00\u5c55\u4fdd\u62a4\u534e\u4fa8\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u81f4\u516c\u515a\u53ef\u53d1\u6325\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u6d3e\u53c2\u653f\u8bae\u653f\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u56fd\u4fa8\u8054\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c11\u95f4\u56e2\u4f53\u66f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u5f00\u5c55\u4fdd\u62a4\u4fa8\u6c11\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[140] \u6211\u56fd\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5230\u4e862020\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u4ecd\u4e0d\u53ca\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u5b9a\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u548c\u77ed\u671f\u51fa\u5883\u7684\u4eba\u6b21\u5374\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7167\u642c\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u9014\u5f84\u6765\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u6570\u5343\u4e07\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u957f\u671f\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u4f53\u7cfb\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u548c\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u4fa8\u52a1\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u961f\u4f0d\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8c03\u52a8\u5e7f\u5927\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u53c2\u4e0e\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u521b\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6446\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u6025\u5f85\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6ce8\u91ca:<\/strong><br 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Department of State , Emergency Planning Guidelines for American Businesses Abroad 2008<\/p>\n<p>[129] \u989c\u5fd7\u96c4\uff1a\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5236\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u2014\u517c\u8bba\u4e2d\u65e5\u9886\u4e8b\u4fdd\u62a4\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u300b\u5916\u4ea4\u5b66\u9662\u7855\u58eb\u8bba\u65872006\u7b2c11\u9875<br \/>\n[130] The ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan , Diplomatic Bluebook 2003 p.220<br \/>\n[131] The ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan , Diplomatic Bluebook 2002 p.208<br \/>\n[132] \u53c2\u89c1\u4e18\u7acb\u672c\u300a\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u770b\u534e\u4eba \u2014\u2014 \u534e\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u65b0\u63a2\u300b\uff08\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u534e\u4fa8\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e1b\u4e66\u4e4b\u4e09\uff09\u9999\u6e2f\u5357\u5c9b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2000\u5e74\u7248<br \/>\n[133] \u53c2\u89c1\u4e18\u7acb\u672c\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e0e\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u90dd\u65f6\u8fdc\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248\uff1b\u300a\u4ece\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u89d2\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0c&lt;\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76&gt;2004\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f<br \/>\n[134]Castles, Stephen, \u2018The Factor that Make and Unmake Migration Policies\u2019, CMD Working Paper #o3-09a 2003<br \/>\n[135]\u53c2\u89c1\u4e18\u7acb\u672c\uff1a\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0e\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u8f7d\u300a\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66 \u603b\u8bba\u5377\u300b\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u534e\u4fa8\u51fa\u7248\u793e2002\u5e74\u7248<br \/>\n[136]\u4e18\u7acb\u672c\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u65f6\u4ee3\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u770b\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u300b\u300a\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f<br \/>\n[137] Mirjam van het Loo ,Susanna Bearne,Pernilla Lundin ,Hans Pung Amanda Scoggins Miriam Shergold, International Review of Consular Services Vol.II, Rand Europe,2005\u3002<br \/>\n[138]\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u9886\u4e8b\u53f8\uff1a\u300a\u8df5\u884c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e3a\u6c11\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u670d\u52a1\u578b\u9886\u4e8b\u673a\u5173\u300b\u3002\u300a\u4eba\u6c11\u65e5\u62a5\u300b2007\u5e745\u67086<br \/>\n[139]\u201c\u56fd\u529b\u4e3a\u4fa8\u201c\u662f\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u4fa8\u529e\u6700\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u89c1\u5d14\u5cb3\uff1a\u300a\u521b\u65b0\u4fa8\u52a1\uff0c\u5927\u6709\u4f5c\u4e3a\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f<br \/>\n[140]\u53c2\u89c1\u7af9\u9752\uff1a\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u56fd\u5916\u4e2d\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u76ca\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u601d\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7814\u7a76\u300b2006\u5e74\u7b2c3 \u671f<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e18 \u7acb \u672c \u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e16\u754c\u5386\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3332,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","footnotes":""},"categories":[16,50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-huaqiaohuarenzhuanti","category-huaqiaohuarenyanjiu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3204"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3365,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3204\/revisions\/3365"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}