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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5f62\u6210\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u4e1c\u4e9a\u3001\u548c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u65b0\u5174\u5de5\u4e1a\u56fd\u4e0e\u5730\u533a\u56db\u4e2a\u79fb\u6c11\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8fc7\u53bb\u4ee5\u6b27\u6d32\u767d\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u4ee5\u4e9a\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3a\u4e3b\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u4ece70\u5e74\u4ee3\u8d77\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u5438\u6536\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5927\u91cf\u63a5\u7eb3\u7f8e\u6d32\u65e5\u88d4\u52b3\u5de5\u300280-90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e9a\u6d32\u4e1c\u90e8\u7684\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u53f0\u6e7e\u3001\u4e1c\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u6cf0\u56fd\u548c\u9a6c\u6765\u897f\u4e9a\u4e5f\u968f\u7740\u4e9a\u6d32\u7ecf\u6d4e\u201c\u5947\u8ff9\u201d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5148\u540e\u7531\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u51fa\u5730\u53d8\u6210\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u5165\u5730\u3002\u5c31\u4e9a\u592a\u6574\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e9a\u6d32\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u536081%\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32\u7684\u7ea6\u53607%\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7684\u53ea\u53604%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5\uff0e\u62c9\u7f8e\u5357\u89d2\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u662f\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u63a5\u7eb3\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u63a5\u7eb3\u6765\u81ea\u610f\u5927\u5229\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c1800-1970\u5e74\u95f4\u8fdb\u5165\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u76841380\u4e07\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u5927\u7ea63\/4\u5b9a\u5c45\u4e8e\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u3002\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u9510\u51cf\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ee5\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u62c9\u7f8e\u5357\u89d2\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u6d41\u91cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6d32\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u5468\u56f4\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba187%\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6765\u81ea\u62c9\u7f8e\uff0c6%\u6765\u81ea\u6b27\u6d32\uff0c7%\u6765\u81ea\u4e9a\u6d32\u3002[10]<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e94\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u5916Massey\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5357\u975e\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6587\u5316\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u72ec\u8054\u4f53\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e94\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u524d\u7684\u8001\u79fb\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u5219\u591a\u524d\u5f80\u5317\u7f8e\u3001\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u6fb3\u6d32\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u540c\u5c5e\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5317\u7f8e\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5bf9\u5f85\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u6781\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9ad8\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u751f\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u56e0\u4eba\u53e3\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u548c\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u4e0b\u964d\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8f93\u5165\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u867d\u662f\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u503c\u5f97\u8ba4\u771f\u8003\u8651\u3002[11]<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09 \u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u4e0e\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65e5\u8d8b\u4e25\u91cd<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IOM\uff09\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd140\u5e74\u6765\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u589e\u957f\u30021965\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u53ea\u67097500\u4e07\uff0c2000\u5e74\u589e\u81f317500\u4e07\uff0c2005\u5e74\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u4f30\u8ba1\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u5df2\u8fbe1\u4ebf9200\u4e07\u3002\u7ea6\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u76843%\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6bcf35\u4eba\u4e2d\u67091\u4eba\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u3002(\u53c2\u89c1\u8868\u4e00) \u867d\u7136\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u5168\u7403\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u5e74\u5360\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u5374\u6bd4\u5168\u7403\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u589e\u957f\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u3002\u9884\u8ba1\u52302050\u5e74\u53ef\u8fbe\u52302\u4ebf3000\u4e07\u4eba\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee51985-1990\u5e74\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5373\u5e74\u57472.59%\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e482050\u5e74\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u5f88\u53ef\u8fbe\u52305\u4ebf3900\u4e07\uff0c\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u76843\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002[12 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u5c06\u5927\u4e3a\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u7403\u5316\u62c9\u5927\u4e86\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6b20\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u5357\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u30022000\u5e74\u5168\u7403GDP\u4e3a30\u4e07\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0830 trillion\uff09, \u6309\u603b\u4eba\u53e360\u4ebf\u7b97\uff0c\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u4e3a5000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u5927,\u745e\u58eb\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u516538000\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u624d100\u7f8e\u5143\u30021975\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u662f\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u76848 \u500d\uff0c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u768441\u500d\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u4e862000\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u5747\u6536\u5165\u662f\u4e2d\u7b49\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u768416 \u500d\uff0c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u768466\u500d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8d2b\u56f0\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u548c\u6218\u4e71\uff0c\u5bfb\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u51fa\u8def\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u5343\u65b9\u767e\u8ba1\u5411\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u79fb\u6c11\u3002[13 ]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u8868\u4e00 \uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u5730\u533a\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\uff081990\uff0d2005\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<table class=\" aligncenter\" style=\"height: 601px;\" width=\"600\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\" rowspan=\"2\"><b>\u00a0\u4e3b\u8981\u5730\u533a<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 177px;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>\u00a0\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570<\/b><b>\uff08\u767e\u4e07\uff09<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\"><b>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u589e\u52a0\u6570<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>\u00a0 \u00a0 \uff08\u767e\u4e07\uff09<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 205px;\" colspan=\"2\"><b>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u5206\u5e03\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\"><b>1990<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\"><b>2005<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\"><b>1990<\/b><b>\uff0d<\/b><b>2005<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\"><b>1990<\/b><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\"><b>2005<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u5168\u4e16\u754c<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">154.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">190.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">35.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">100.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">100.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u8f83\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">82.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">115.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">33.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">53.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">60.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u8f83\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">72.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">75.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">2.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">46.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">39.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u6700\u4e0d\u53d1\u8fbe\u5730\u533a<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">11.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">10.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">-0.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">7.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">5.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u975e\u6d32<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">16.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">17.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">0.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">10.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">9.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u4e9a\u6d32<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">49.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">53.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">32.2<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">28.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u62c9\u7f8e\u4e0e\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">7.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">6.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">-0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">4.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">27.6<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">44.5<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">16.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">17.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">23.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u6b27\u6d32<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">49.4<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">64.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">14.7<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">31.9<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">33.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 79px;\">\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 81px;\">4.8<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90px;\">5.0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 111px;\">0.3<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 99px;\">3.1<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 100px;\">2.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u53e3\u76d1\u6d4b\u300b2006\uff0c\u7b2c4\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u751f\u80b2\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u8d1f\u589e\u957f\u548c\u8001\u9f84\u5316\u65e5\u8d8b\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6781\u5ea6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u53e3\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u9ad8\u589e\u957f\u671f\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5927\u91cf\u8fc7\u5269\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6bcf\u5e74\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u52a08300\u4e07\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d8200\u4e07\u662f\u5728\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u51fa\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u5927\u7ea6230\u4e07\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u8fbe\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5360\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u76842\/3\u3002\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u6307\u51fa1800\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u768420%\u800c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u5360\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u76848%\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u5927\u4f53\u76f8\u5f53\uff0c\u4f46\u52302050\u5e74\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c06\u964d\u52307%\u800c\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5219\u5c06\u5347\u81f320%\uff0c\u9ad8\u51fa\u751f\u7387\u5fc5\u7136\u5e26\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u538b\u529b\u3002[14]<\/p>\n<p>\u4ea4\u901a\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e1a\u7684\u9769\u547d\u4e3a\u8de8\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6108\u6765\u6108\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u6765\u5f80\u589e\u591a\u800c\u4e14\u8fd0\u8d39\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5408\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u53ea\u8981\u82b1\u4e0a2500\u7f8e\u5143\u4fbf\u53ef\u5230\u8fbe\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u4e5f\u53ea\u8981\u82b11-2\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u4fbf\u53ef\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u3002[15]<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u5b98\u65b9\u4e0e\u6c11\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e5f\u4e3a\u4eba\u53e3\u8de8\u56fd\u8fc1\u79fb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6e20\u9053\u548c\u673a\u5236\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u79fb\u5c45\u6210\u672c\u548c\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u83b7\u5f97\u5185\u5728\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u800c\u79fb\u6c11\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u66f4\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79fb\u6c11\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002[16]<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u52a0\u5f3a\u8fb9\u754c\u7ba1\u5236\u5e76\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u300225\u5e74\u524d\u53ea\u67096%\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5236\u5b9a\u9650\u5236\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c \u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u7c7b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5df2\u589e\u81f340%\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u67095-6\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91c7\u53d6\u9f13\u52b1\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd \u52a0\u62ff\u5927 \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a \u65b0\u897f\u5170 \u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u548c\u82f1\u56fd\uff09\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5916\u6765\u79fb\u6c11\u63a5\u7eb3\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6781\u529b\u5438\u6536\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u624d\u548c\u719f\u7ec3\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u800c\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5236\u975e\u719f\u7ec3\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u96be\u6c11\u548c\u5bfb\u6c42\u907f\u96be\u8005\u7684\u8fdb\u5165\u3002\u5404\u56fd\u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u8fb9\u5883\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u65e5\u8d8b\u589e\u591a\u3002\u636e\u6b27\u76df\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c1990\u5e74\u6b27\u6d32\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u7ea6200\u4e07\uff0c2001\u5e74\u589e\u81f3300\u4e07\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6bcf\u5e74\u4ee550\u4e07\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u589e\u957f\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c2000-2015\u5e74\u95f4\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6bcf\u5e74\u5c06\u67094500\u4e07\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u52b3\u52a8\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c06\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u56e0\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u5c31\u4e1a\u800c\u6d41\u5411\u56fd\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u7c7b\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u5c06\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u8be5\u9884\u6d4b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c20\u5e74\u524d\u8fdb\u5165\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u53ea\u5360\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u768420%\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u5360\u4e86\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u76841\/3\u81f31\/2\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u8fb9\u754c\u902e\u6355\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u5165\u5883\u8005\u591a\u8fbe150\u4e07\u30022000\u5e74\u6ede\u7559\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u6570\u5df2\u591a\u8fbe900\u4e07\u81f31100\u4e07\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u539f\u5148\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002[17] \u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u975e\u6cd5\u79fb\u6c11\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u957f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u79fb\u6c11\u6a21\u5f0f\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4e0e\u754c\u7ebf\u7684\u6a21\u7cca ,\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u591a\u6837\u5316\u4e0e\u8de8\u56fd\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/p>\n<p>\u82f1\u56fd\u5b66\u8005\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u5361\u65af\u5c14\u65af\uff08Stephen Castles\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7a7a\u524d\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u5f97\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u5546\u54c1\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u7269\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5458\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u8de8\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u6c11\u95f4\u8de8\u56fd\u673a\u6784\u751a\u81f3\u8de8\u56fd\u72af\u7f6a\u96c6\u56e2\u9891\u7e41\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u79fb\u6c11\u4eba\u6570\u5927\u589e\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e5f\u66f4\u52a0\u591a\u6837\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u522b\u79fb\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u7ebf\u4e5f\u65e5\u8d8b\u6a21\u7cca\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u867d\u6781\u529b\u9f13\u52b1\u67d0\u79cd\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\u540c\u65f6\u9650\u5236\u67d0\u79cd\u79fb\u6c11\u5165\u5883\uff0c\u4f46\u53d1\u73b0\u5f88\u96be\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u5b9e\u65bd\u5176\u653f\u7b56\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u53bb\u5355\u5411\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u5360\u5c45\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ea4\u901a\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u65c5\u8d39\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u53cc\u5411\u5f80\u8fd4\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u591a\u5411\u73af\u56de\u6027\u79fb\u6c11(repeated and circulatory migration)\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u4e34\u65f6\u6027\u79fb\u6c11(temporary migration)\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u65e5\u89c1\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u201c\u518d\u79fb\u6c11\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u666e\u904d\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u5176\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e5f\u65e5\u8d8b\u5bc6\u5207, \u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6210\u5458\u9891\u7e41\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u6240\u8c13 \u201c\u8de8\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u8de8\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff08transnational community\uff09\u3002\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\uff08transnationism\uff09\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc1\u79fb\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u8005\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u6c47\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u8005\u53ea\u662f\u6682\u65f6\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u548c\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u6bcd\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u6743\u529b\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u6000\u7591\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u8de8\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u666e\u904d\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u8de8\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u8ba4\u540c\uff08multiple identities\uff09\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u516c\u6c11\u6743(multi-layered citizenship) \u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d(dual nationality)\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u8fd0\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u95ee\u9898\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6210\u5206\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5987\u5973\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u5728\u5168\u7403\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u9ad8\u8fbe47.5%\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u8d70\u5411\u4e5f\u5df2\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5357\u5317\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u5357\u5357\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u548c\u4e2d\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5357\u5357\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u79fb\u6c11\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u65e2\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u53c8\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u5165\u56fd\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u8fc7\u5883\u56fd\u3002[18]<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5316\u4e0e\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5316\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u6d41\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u8de8\u56fd\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5316\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6743\u6784\u6210\u4e25\u5cfb\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bb8\u591a\u524d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u4e09 \u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u65b0\u673a\u9047\u3001\u65b0\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u83b7\u53d6\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u548c\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u4ea7\u8981\u7d20\u7684\u5168\u7403\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u91cf\u52b3\u529b\u548c\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u8865\u507f\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6446\u8131\u8d2b\u56f0\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u52b3\u52a8\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73b0\u4ee3\u5a92\u4f53\u8fc5\u901f\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u56fd\u5916\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u51fa\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u5185\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc7\u5269\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u52a8\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u56fd\u5185\u5c31\u4e1a\u538b\u529b\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5168\u7403\u6bcf\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u52b3\u52a1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u7ea6\u4e3a 3000 &#8211; 3500\u4e07\u4eba, \u6bd420\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u589e\u957f 50% \uff0c\u4e3a\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u96be\u5f97\u7684\u673a\u9047\u3002\u4f8b\u59822001\u5e74\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de586.66\u4e07\u4eba,\u5176\u4e2d\u9646\u4e0a\u52b3\u5de566.16\u4e07\u4eba,\u6d77\u4e0a\u52b3\u5de520.5\u4e07\u4eba,\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5b58\u91cf\u589e\u81f3741\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e3a\u8be5\u56fd\u603b\u4eba\u53e3\u768410%\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e2d\u4e1c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u52b3\u5de5\u4eba\u6570\u5728300\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u52b3\u5de5\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u7f13\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u95ee\u9898,\u8fd8\u5e26\u6765\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u597d\u5904\u3002[19 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u7ed9\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u597d\u5904\u662f\u5de8\u989d\u4fa8\u6c47\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7535\u5b50\u901a\u8baf\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5f97\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u6536\u5165\u901a\u8fc7\u94f6\u884c\u6216\u79c1\u4eba\u673a\u6784\u8fc5\u901f\u6c47\u56de\u5bb6\u91cc\u3002 \u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u5730\u533a\u79fb\u6c11\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u6c47\u6b3e8-10\u6b21,\u6bcf\u6b21\u6c47\u6b3e\u7ea6250\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4ec52000\u5e74\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u4fa8\u6c47\u4ef6\u6570\u591a\u8fbe8000\u4e07\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fa8\u6c47\u603b\u989d\u8fbe\u5230200\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002[20] 1970\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u4fa8\u6c47\u603b\u989d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u523020\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c1999\u5e74\u5176\u6570\u989d\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc71000\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u589e\u957f\u4e8650\u500d\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c2006\u5e74\u5ea6\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9884\u6d4b\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c2005\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u7ecf\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u6e20\u9053\u8f93\u9001\u7684\u4fa8\u6c47\u603b\u6570\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc72320\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f971670\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63f4\u52a9\u4e24\u500d\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u7531\u975e\u5b98\u65b9\u6e20\u9053\u6c47\u51fa\u7684\u4fa8\u6c47\u4f30\u8ba1\u81f3\u5c11\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u5b57\u768450%\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fa8\u6c47\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u4e3a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5916\u6765\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u8be5\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u662f\u4fa8\u6c47\u6700\u5927\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\uff0c\u5171\u83b7\u5f97217\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd213\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5181\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd127\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe116\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u800c\u4fa8\u6c47\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u56fd\u7684GDP\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u6bd4\u91cd\uff1a\u6c64\u52a0\uff0831%\uff09\uff0c\u6469\u5c14\u591a\u74e6\uff0827.1%\uff09\uff0c \u83b1\u7d22\u6258\uff0825.8%\uff09\u6d77\u5730(24.8%)\u6ce2\u65af\u5c3c\u4e9a\u548c\u9ed1\u585e\u54e5\u7ef4\u90a3(22.5%)\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe1\uff09\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4,\u4fa8\u6c47\u8fd8\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5916\u6c47\u6765\u6e90\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe2\uff09\u4fa8\u6c47\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6fc0\u589e\u5927\u5927\u6539\u5584\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u8bb8\u591a\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u53e3,\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4c\u5e72\u8fbe\u51cf11%\u7684\u8d2b\u56f0\u4eba\u53e3,\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd(6%),\u52a0\u7eb3(5%) [21 ]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u4e16\u754c\u94f6\u884c\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4fa8\u6c47\u6536\u5165\u5df2\u8d85\u8fc7\u5916\u6765\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u652f\u52a9\u91d1\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u6295\u8d44\u603b\u548c\u7684\u5df2\u670936\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u8f93\u51fa\u4ea7\u54c1\u6536\u5165\u7684\u670928\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u5982\u4fa8\u6c47\u8d85\u8fc7\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u5916\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u7684\u837c\u53f6\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u6469\u6d1b\u54e5\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fdd\u6301\u56fd\u9645\u6536\u652f\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8d77\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002[22]<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u62c9\u7f8e\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c,\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u9664\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4fa8\u6c47(Tranfer of remittance) \u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ea4\u901a\uff08Transpotation\uff09\u3001\u7535\u8baf\uff08Telecommunication\uff09\u3001\u65c5\u6e38\uff08Tourism\uff09\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\uff08Trade\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u5373\u62c9\u7f8e\u5b66\u8005Manuel Orozco\u6240\u8c13 \u201c5Ts\u201d\u3002[ 23]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u56fe1 2006\u5e7410\u5927\u4fa8\u6c47\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd [24]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-3334\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/\u56fe1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"703\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Source: Author&#8217;s calculation based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook 2007, World<br \/>\nDevelopment Indicators 2007, and World Bank Development Prospects Group data.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u56fe2 \u6d41\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4fa8\u6c47\u4e0e\u8d44\u672c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-3333\" src=\"https:\/\/worldchinesemedia.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/proxy.gif.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"385\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Source: Author&#8217;s calculation based on Global Development Finance<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">2007 and IMF Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook 2006.<\/p>\n<p>\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\u7684\u6d41\u5931\uff08brain drain\uff09\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u4e3a\u5934\u75db\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30022000 \u5e74\uff0c\u6bcf10\u540d\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u7ecf\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d7\u8fc7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u67096\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u524d\u8bb8\u591a\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u66fe\u5bf9\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\u5916\u6d41\u91c7\u53d6\u8fc7\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9650\u5236\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u672a\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u65e5\u6e10\u4fbf\u5229\uff0c\u7535\u4fe1\u4e1a\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u65e5\u8d8b\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u5b9a\u5c45\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u5458\u5f00\u59cb\u901a\u8fc7\u77ed\u671f\u56de\u56fd\u8bb2\u5b66\uff0c\u5efa\u7acbIT\u7f51\u7edc\u8054\u7cfb\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u3001\u6559\u5b66\u4e0e\u5efa\u8bbe\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u201c\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u5931\u201d\u9010\u6e10\u8f6c\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u5165\u201d\uff08brain gain\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\uff08brain circulation\uff09\u5e76\u4e3a\u4eba\u529b\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u8425\u8fd0\u5f00\u8f9f\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u3002[25]<\/p>\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6IT\u4ea7\u4e1a\u7684\u98de\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u300290\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u524d\u5927\u91cf\u79d1\u6280\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u5411\u6b27\u7f8e\uff0c\u66fe\u4f7f\u5370\u5ea6\u6df1\u611f\u5fe7\u8651\u548c\u65e0\u5948\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u4e8b\u6001\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u624d\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u6d41\u5931\u201d 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\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5065\u5168\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c<\/p>\n<p>\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u5065\u5168\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u662f\u987a\u5229\u5f00\u5c55\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cd\u8981\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0d\u8bbe\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7eb7\u7eb7\u5efa\u7acb\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5df2\u6709\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5219\u6269\u5927\u548c\u5065\u5168\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6863\u6b21\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\uff0c\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u7edf\u7ba1\u4fa8\u6c11\u548c\u5916\u7c4d\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\uff081\uff09\u8fc7\u53bb\u672a\u8bbe\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\u5148\u540e\u5728\u5176\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u5c5e\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7acb\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5308\u7259\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u539f\u5148\u53ea\u5728\u603b\u7406\u5e9c\u5185\u8bbe\u4e00\u540d\u4e66\u8bb0\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c1992\u5e74\u6b63\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u6d77\u5916\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e8b\u52a1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d\uff08Government Office for Hungarian Minorities Abroad \u7b80\u79f0GOHMA\uff09\u3002[30]<\/p>\n<p>\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a2003\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e3b\u6301\u6d77\u5916\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u56fd\u52a1\u79d8\u4e66\uff08State Secretariat for Romanians Abroad\uff09[31]<\/p>\n<p>\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u8bbe\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u201c\u4fdd\u4fa8\u4e8b\u52a1\u5904\uff08State Agency for Bulgarians Abroad\uff09[32]<\/p>\n<p>\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u4fa8\u6c11\u53f8\u201d\uff08Serbia Directorate for Diasporas\uff09[33]<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u585e\u62dc\u7586\u3001\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u3002[34]<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u897f\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e8b\u52a1\u56fd\u52a1\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\uff08Vice Secretary of State for Nationals Abroad in Brazil\uff09[35]<\/p>\n<p>\u667a\u5229\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u667a\u5229\u6d77\u5916\u793e\u533a\u4e8b\u52a1\u53f8 \u201d\uff08the Directorate for Chilean Communities Abroad\uff09[36]<\/p>\n<p>\uff082\uff09\u8fc7\u53bb\u5df2\u6709\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u5347\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u814a\u653f\u5e9c1983\u5e74\u8bbe\u7acb\u5e0c\u814a\u4fa8\u52a1\u53f8\uff08General Secretariat for Greeks Abroad,[GSGA]\uff09 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u53f8\u957f\u4e3b\u6301\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u8be5\u53f8\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5185\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7acb\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u53f8\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e0b\u8bbe\u6709\u4fa8\u6c11\u8054\u7edc\u5904\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u5904\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u5904\u3001\u8ba1\u5212\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u5904\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d22\u653f\u4e0e\u884c\u653f\u5904\uff0c\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u7ea6100\u4eba, \u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e00\u5207\u6d89\u4fa8\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002[37]<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5411\u6765\u91cd\u89c6\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u8bbe\u6709\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u4e0e\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u53f8\u2019\uff0c\u4e0b\u7f6e\u4e94\u4e2a\u5904\uff0c\u5171\u6709\u516c\u52a1\u5458149\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5916\u4ea4\u5b9816\u4eba\uff0c2001\u5168\u53f8\u7ecf\u8d39\u9884\u7b97\u4e3a6600\u7f8e\u5143\u30022001\u5e74 6\u6708\u8d1d\u9c81\u65af\u79d1\u5c3c\u4e0a\u53f0\u540e\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7279\u5efa\u7acb\u4fa8\u6c11\u90e8\uff0c\u4efb\u547d\u4e00\u4f4d\u5185\u9601\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u4e13\u95e8\u7ba1\u7406\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002[38]<\/p>\n<p>\u8461\u8404\u7259\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u539f\u5148\u8bbe\u6709\u4fa8\u6c11\u53f8\uff0c2002\u5e74\u5c06\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u4fa8\u6c11\u90e8\u201d\uff08Ministry for Foreign Affairs and Portuguese Communities Abroad\uff09[39]<\/p>\n<p>\u9a6c\u91cc\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u6539\u79f0 \u201c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u9a6c\u91cc\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u201d(Ministry for Foreign Affair and for Malians abroad)\u3002[40]<\/p>\n<p>\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u4e5f\u5c06\u5176\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u6613\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u5916\u4ea4\u4e0e\u4fa8\u6c11\u90e8\u201d\uff08Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants\uff09\u3002[41]<\/p>\n<p>\uff083\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u5efa\u90e8\u7ea7\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>l\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5927\u515a\u957f\u671f\u6267\u653f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u672a\u7ed9\u4e0e\u5e94\u6709\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u4e0d\u6ee1\u30022004\u5e74\u8be5\u515a\u91cd\u65b0\u6267\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u6539\u5f26\u66f4\u5f20\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u843d\u5b9e\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u9879\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2004\u5e746\u6708\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u201d\uff08ministry of NRI affairs\uff09\uff0c\u540c\u5e749\u6708\uff0c\u56e0\u8003\u8651\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u8c61\u9664\u5370\u4fa8\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5916\u7c4d\u5370\u4eba\uff0c\u66f4\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u201d\uff0c(ministry of overseas Indian affairs),\u4efb\u547dJagdish Tytlero \u4e3a\u90e8\u957f\u3002\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u548c\u5916\u7c4d\u5370\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002[42]<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u52b3\u52a8\u3001\u4eba\u529b\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u5df4\u4fa8\u90e8\u201d\u3002[43]<\/p>\n<p>\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u5148\u662f\u7531\u5176\u52b3\u52a8\u5c31\u4e1a\u90e8\u8d1f\u8d23\u7684\uff0c2001\u5e74\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IOM\uff09\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u4fa8\u6c11\u798f\u5229\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u5c31\u4e1a\u90e8\u201d\uff08Ministry of Expatraites\u2019Welfare and Overseas Employment of GoB\uff09\u3002[44]<\/p>\n<p>\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u5171\u548c\u56fd2002\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5916\u4eba\u5458\u90e8\u201d\uff08Ministry of Expatriates of the Syrian Arab Republic\uff09[45]<\/p>\n<p>\u585e\u5185\u52a0\u5c14\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u585e\u5185\u52a0\u5c14\u4fa8\u6c11\u90e8\u201d\uff08Ministry for Senegalese Abroad\uff09[46]<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a1996\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u8d1f\u8d23\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u793e\u533a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u90e8\u957f\uff08Delegate Minister in charge of the National Community Abroad \uff09\u636e\u8bf4\u8be5\u90e82002\u5e74\u8d77\u5df2\u5f52\u653f\u5e9c\u9996\u8111\u7ba1\u8f96.[47]<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u4e8e1996\u5e74\u5c06\u4eba\u529b\u90e8\u6539\u4e3a\u4eba\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u5730\u8bbe\u7acb \u201c\u6d77\u5730\u4fa8\u6c11\u90e8\u201d\uff08Ministry of Haitians Living Abroad\uff09[48]<\/p>\n<p>\uff084\uff09\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u672a\u8bbe\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u6700\u9ad8\u5f53\u5c40\u7edf\u7ba1\u4fa8\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\uff1a<br \/>\n\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u603b\u7edf\u798f\u514b2001\u5e74\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u5e9c\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86 \u201c\u6d77\u5916\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d,(Presidential Office for Mexicans Abroad) \u52a0\u5f3a\u5bf9\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u8054\u7cfb,\u5236\u5b9a\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u65b0\u63aa\u65bd\u548c\u5f15\u8fdb\u8d44\u91d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u4fa8\u4e61\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u3002[49]<\/p>\n<p>\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5728\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u5c31\u4e1a\u90e8\u4e4b\u4e0b\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u798f\u5229\u7f72\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6d77\u5916\u5c31\u4e1a\u7f72\u201d\u3001\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e8b\u52a1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63f4\u52a9\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d, \u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7b49\u3002\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u5360\u591a\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u5efa\u7acb\u4fa8\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08 Commission on Filipinos Overseas [CFO]\uff09\u7531\u526f\u603b\u7edf\u51fa\u4efb\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u5f00\u5c55\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[50]<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u97e9\u56fd\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\u3001\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3001\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u5371\u5730\u9a6c\u62c9\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u7b49\u4e5f\u90fd\u8bbe\u7acb\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u3002\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6bd4\u8f83\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u5b83\u5efa\u7acb\u4e13\u95e8\u52df\u96c6\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5165\u5883\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u7acb\u56fd\u540e\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u540c\u80de\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5f15\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002[51]<\/p>\n<p>\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5f00\u5c55\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6df1\u611f\u5efa\u7acb\u653f\u5e9c\u6d89\u4fa8\u90e8\u95e8\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u673a\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>2000\u5e742\u6708\u6ce2\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u526f\u90e8\u957f\u7684\u4e3b\u6301\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u534f\u8c03\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u6ce2\u5170\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a,\u7531\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u3001\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u3001\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u548c\u603b\u7406\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4ee3\u8868\u7b498\u540d\u59d4\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u4fa8\u52a1\u53f8\u53f8\u957f\u4e3a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u79d8\u4e66\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u4e00\u5207\u6709\u5173\u6d77\u5916\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6bcf4\u4e2a\u6708\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\uff0c\u5411\u603b\u7406\u5448\u4ea4\u5e74\u5ea6\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u5e76\u53d7\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e24\u9662\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u3002[52]<\/p>\n<p>1997\u5e74\u57c3\u53ca\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u7531\u4eba\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u3001\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u3001\u5185\u653f\u90e8\u3001\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\u7b4913 \u4e2a \u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u7ec4\u6210\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6bcf3\u4e2a\u6708\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u4eba\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u957f\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6d89\u4fa8\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[53]<\/p>\n<p>\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u653f\u5e9c\u6700\u8fd1\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb \u2018\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u90e8\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\uff08Interdepartmental Committee for Emigration\uff09\u4ee5\u6c47\u603b\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002[54]<\/p>\n<p>2, \u5f00\u5c55\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76, \u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5165\u638c\u63e1\u4fa8\u60c5\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6,\u4e0d\u5c11\u56fd\u5bb6\u7eb7\u7eb7\u52a0\u5927\u6295\u5165\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e13\u4e1a\u79d1\u7814\u529b\u91cf\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e0e\u73b0\u72b6\u5f00\u5c55\u5168\u9762\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2000\u5e748\u6708\u74e6\u6770\u5e15\u4f0a\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u8d23\u6210\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u52a8\u5458\u4e86\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u3001\u6d89\u5916\u90e8\u95e8\uff0c\u9a7b\u5916\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u548c\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5411\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86 \u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u201d\uff08Report of the High Level Committee on the Indian Diaspora\uff09,\u8be6\u7ec6\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5370\u5ea6\u4fa8\u6c11\u3001\u5916\u7c4d\u5370\u4eba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u671f\u671b\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5404\u65b9\u610f\u89c1\u5206\u522b\u5c31\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u4f20\u5a92\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u536b\u751f\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u6148\u5584\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3001\u9886\u4e8b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u53cc\u91cd\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u4fa8\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7ec4\u5efa\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u5370\u5ea6\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u6570\u5341\u6761\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u5404\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u6b63\u5c31\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u843d\u5b9e\u3002[55]<\/p>\n<p>2002\u5e74\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IOM\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6301\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7814\u7a76,\u5b8c\u6210\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u300b\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u7740\u91cd\u53cd\u6620\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002[56]<\/p>\n<p>\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u529b\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u4f5c\u5e76\u83b7\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8d44\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u201c\u7edf\u4e00\u79fb\u6c11\u4fe1\u606f\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\uff08IMIS\uff09[57]<\/p>\n<p>2002\u5e74\uff0c\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u8058\u8bf7\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b8c\u6210\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5bf9\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u72b6\u51b5\u4e0e\u4fa8\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\u62a5\u544a\u5e76\u4efb\u547d\u4e00\u4e13\u95e8\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5927\u529b\u8868\u5f70\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u4eba\u4e1a\u7ee9\uff0c\u5173\u5fc3\u6d77\u5916\u7231\u5c14\u5170\u5f31\u52bf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u5b9e\u884c\u4e09\u670d\u4fa8\u52a1\u7684\u65b0\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002[58]<\/p>\n<p>\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u5165\u56fd\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u672c\u5730\u51fa\u751f\u4eba\u53e3\u5374\u5927\u91cf\u5916\u6d41\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5df2\u8fbe100\u4e07\uff0c\u591a\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c2002\u5e74\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u62e8\u51fa112\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d39\uff0c\u8058\u8bf7\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e3b\u6301\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u65b0\u8303\u5f0f\u201d\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u7814\u7a76; \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7b49\u5355\u4f4d\u4e5f\u8058\u8bf7\u4e13\u5bb6\u5b8c\u6210\u201c\u5173\u4e8e\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u201d, \u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u4eba\u624d\u6d41\u52a8\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fa8\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u56fd\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002[59]<\/p>\n<p>2003 \u5e74,\u97e9\u56fd\u524d\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u6743\u4e19\u5f26\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u201c\u97e9\u4fa8\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Overseas Korean Foundation\uff09\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8054\u5408\u53ec\u5f00\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u97e9\u4eba\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u505a\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u7814\u8ba8\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u97e9\u4eba\u300b\u3002[60]<\/p>\n<p>2003-2005\u5e74\uff0c\u667a\u5229\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u667a\u5229\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3001\u9a6c\u91cc\u3001\u79d1\u7279\u8fea\u74e6\u3001\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u3001\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u7b49\u56fd\u4e5f\u901a\u8fc7\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u5176\u5b83\u624b\u6bb5\u8bbe\u6cd5\u4e86\u89e3\u672c\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u8d44\u6599\u5e93\u3002[61 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8c03\u7814\u62a5\u544a\u5747\u7740\u91cd\u8003\u5bdf\u5168\u7403\u5316\u52a0\u901f\u65f6\u671f\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u63a2\u6c42\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b0\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u5584\u5f85\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u6240\u7528\u6570\u636e\u591a\u7ecf\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u6838\u5b9e\uff0c\u8d44\u6599\u7fd4\u5b9e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6027\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u6027\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3 \u5236\u8ba2\u5177\u4f53\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5c06\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u9010\u6b65\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u60c5\u51b5\u4e4b\u540e\u5148\u540e\u5236\u8ba2\u884c\u52a8\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u4ed8\u4e4b\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u5c06\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb3\u5165\u56fd\u5bb6\u53d1\u5c55\u603b\u4f53\u89c4\u5212\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2005\u5e74\uff0c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u5236\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u9f13\u52b1\u4e13\u5bb6\u987e\u95ee\u77ed\u671f\u56de\u56fd\u670d\u52a1\u4ee5\u4f20\u6388\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u3002[62 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u57282003\u5e74\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u53d1\u5c55\u6218\u7565\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb2\u8981\u3002\uff08Programa de Vinculacion con los Uruguayos Residentes en el Exterior\uff09 [ 63]<\/p>\n<p>\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u4e0b\u6b63\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd \u201cColombia Nos Une Programme\uff0c\u8be5\u7eb2\u9886\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4fa8\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u6587\u5316\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\u3002[64 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u6b63\u5728\u6267\u884c\u201c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u89c4\u5212\u201d\uff08Programme Salvadorenos en el exterior\uff09\u8be5\u89c4\u5212\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6574\u5408\u3001\u9886\u4e8b\u670d\u52a1\u3001\u4e0e\u5e02\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u4eba\u6743\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u3001\u4fa8\u6c47\u652f\u4e61\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u5f80\u6765\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4eba\u9053\u6551\u52a9\u7b49\u516b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u3002[65 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u59d4\u5185\u745e\u62c9\u7684\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\u5305\u62ec\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\uff08Censo de los Venezolanos en el Exterior,2005\uff09[66]<\/p>\n<p>\u7a81\u5c3c\u65af\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u4e862005-2009\u5e74\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\u3002[67]<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a2005\u5e74\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u6d77\u5916\u65cf\u7fa4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb2\u8981\u3002[68]<\/p>\n<p>2001\u5e74\u8d1d\u5b81\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u5b9e\u65bd\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u8d1d\u5b81\u4eba\u56fd\u5bb6\u653f\u7b56\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff08National Policy for Beninese Abroad\uff09[69]<\/p>\n<p>\u4e4c\u514b\u5170\u5236\u8ba2\u4e86\u201c2010\u5e74\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u57282010\u5e74\u524d\u5927\u5927\u6539\u8fdb\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0e\u4fa8\u6c11\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002[70]<\/p>\n<p>\u7231\u6c99\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6b63\u5728\u5b9e\u65bd\u5176\u653f\u5e9c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u7eb2\u8981\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u3002[71]<\/p>\n<p>2005 \u5e74\u82ac\u5170\u9996\u6b21\u5236\u8ba2\u201c2006-2011\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u82ac\u5170\u4eba\u653f\u7b56\u7eb2\u8981\u201d\uff08 Government Policy Programme for Expatriate Finns\uff09[72]<\/p>\n<p>4 \u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca<\/p>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u6cd5\u53ef\u4f9d\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u56e0\u653f\u6743\u66f4\u8fed\u800c\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4fa8\u6c11\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e13\u95e8\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4fa8\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u673a\u6784,\u53cd\u6620\u6c11\u60c5,\u786e\u4fdd\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca.<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u6cd5\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u53c2\u653f\u6743\u3002\u6839\u636e1983\u5e7483-499\u53f7\u6cd5\u4ee4,\u6cd5\u56fd\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u7559\u7ed9\u6cd5\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c1112\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d,\u4ece\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019\u4e2d\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\u3002 \u2018\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019( The Higher council of Frenchmen abroad CSFE) \u521b\u5efa\u4e8e1948\u5e74\uff0c1982\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5176\u7ae0\u7a0b\u505a\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8be5\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\uff0c150\u4f4d\u7406\u4e8b\u4ece\u6cd5\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u9886\u9986\u533a\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e2d\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c20\u4f4d\u7406\u4e8b\u7531\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u59d4\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u4ee3\u8868\u5b89\u9053\u5c14\u5171\u548c\u56fd(Andorra )\u7684\u6cd5\u7c4d\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u7531\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u6307\u6d3e\u3002\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\u768412\u540d\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u9662\u5458\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019 \u5efa\u7acb\u6587\u6559\u3001\u8d22\u7ecf\u3001\u793e\u4fdd\u3001\u6cd5\u5236\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u4e8b\u52a15\u4e2a\u5e38\u8bbe\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a, \u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u6cd5\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u6d89\u4fa8\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u5fe0\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u75313\u4f4d\u526f\u4f1a\u957f\u548c\u5176\u5b8325\u4f4d\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6267\u59d4\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ec\u96c6\u4e24\u81f3\u4e09\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019\u9009\u6d3e\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6d89\u53ca\u4fa8\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u548c\u6d77\u5916\u4ee3\u7406\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u6cd5\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u3001\u4fa8\u6c11\u5065\u5eb7\u4fdd\u9669\u3001\u5168\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0e\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5236\u7b49\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6cd5\u56fd\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u8bbe223\u4e2a\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u533a\uff0c\u5404\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u533a\u7531\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u8be5\u533a\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7406\u4e8b\u3001\u5f53\u5730\u4fa8\u793e\u4ee3\u8868\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u987e\u95ee\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8be5\u5730\u533a\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5c31\u4e1a\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u5efa\u8bae\u548c\u5fe0\u544a[73]<\/p>\n<p>\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bae\u4f1a1985\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03205\u53f7\u6cd5\u4ee4,\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7ec4\u5efa \u2018\u610f\u4fa8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019(committees of Italians)\u4ee5 \u52a0\u5f3a\u4fa8\u6c11\u793e\u56e2\u4e0e\u9886\u9986\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4fdd\u62a4\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5e76\u589e\u8fdb\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u6240\u5728\u56fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb.\u6cd5\u4ee4\u89c4\u5b9a,\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u4fa8\u6c113000-100,000\u4eba\u7684\u9886\u9986\u533a,\u753112\u540d\u59d4\u5458\u7ec4\u6210, 10\u4e07\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9886\u9986\u533a\u753124\u4e2a\u59d4\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u59d4\u5458\u4efb\u671f5\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u9886\u9986\u533a\u5e76\u5411\u9886\u9986\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u9009\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c1989\u5e74\u6839\u636e368\u53f7\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Geneal Council of Italians Abroad CGIE\uff09\u3002\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u753194\u4e2a\u56e2\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d65\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7531\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u63a8\u4e3e\uff0c29\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u6307\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u7531\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u957f\u4e3b\u6301\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8c18\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e74\u5ea6\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e86\u89e3\u610f\u5927\u5229\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u88d4\u7684\u613f\u671b\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6cd5\u4ee4\u8ba4\u53ef\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u9009\u4e3e\u975e\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7c4d\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u540e\u88d4\u4e3a\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5f97\u8d85\u8fc7\u8be5\u533a\u5f53\u9009\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u7684\u534a\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2000\u5e7410\u6708\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u51b3\u8bae\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed9\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u4fdd\u75596\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u4fdd\u755912\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\u30021992\u5e74\u8bae\u4f1a\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6cd5\uff08Citizenship law\uff09.\u8be5\u6cd5\u7b2c11\u6761\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5df2\u83b7\u5f97\u5916\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u516c\u6c11\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u610f\u5927\u5229\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u3002[74]<\/p>\n<p>\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6839\u636e1996\u5e74\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6210\u7acb\u4e86 \u2018\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6d77\u5916\u793e\u56e2\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019(Council of Portuguese Communities) \u4f5c\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u6709\u5173\u8461\u8404\u7259\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u5207\u6d89\u4fa8\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684100\u4f4d\u7406\u4e8b\uff0c\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u8461\u8404\u7259\u9886\u9986\u533a\u767b\u8bb0\u7684\u8461\u4fa8\u4e2d\u9009\u4e3e\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u4efb\u671f4\u5e74\u3002\u82e5\u5e72\u65e0\u8868\u51b3\u6743\u7684\u6d89\u4fa8\u90e8\u95e8\u3001\u8bae\u4f1a\u4fa8\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u5b98\u5458\u548c\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e5f\u53c2\u52a0\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u9009\u4e3e\u5e38\u52a1\u7406\u4e8b15\u4eba\uff0c\u5e38\u52a1\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5e74\u81f3\u5c11\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6bcf4\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u3002[75]<\/p>\n<p>\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6839\u636e1987\u5e741339\u53f7\u7687\u5bb6\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u6d77\u5916 \u2018\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c45\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\uff08The Councils of Spanish residents\uff09\u548c\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019(The General Council for Emigration)\u3002\u2018\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c45\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\u5728\u5c11\u4e8e5 \u4e07\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u9886\u9986\u533a\u7531\u4fa8\u6c11\u9009\u51fa7\u540d\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u57285\u4e07-10\u4e07\u4fa8\u6c11\u9886\u9986\u533a\u9009\u51fa11\u540d\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u572810\u4e07\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u9886\u9986\u533a\u9009\u51fa21\u540d\u59d4\u5458\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u79fb\u6c11\u5df2\u572831\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u6210\u7acb\u8fd9\u7c7b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u3002\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5c45\u6c11\u793e\u7fa4\u5728\u963f\u6839\u5ef7\u548c\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002\u2018\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u9644\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u53f8\u3002\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a58\u6210\u5458\u4e2d43\u4f4d\u6210\u5458\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u5c45\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u9009\u51fa\uff0c\u5176\u5b8315\u4eba\u7531\u76f8\u5173\u5355\u4f4d\u59d4\u4efb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u96c7\u4e3b\u673a\u67842\u4eba\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec76\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u6cbb\u534f\u4f1a3\u4eba\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d22\u653f\u90e8\uff0c\u5185\u653f\u90e8\uff0c\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u6587\u5316\u90e8\u54041\u4eba\u3002\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7531\u52b3\u52a8\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u90e8\u957f\u5728\u5f81\u5f97\u59d4\u5458\u4eec\u7684\u540c\u610f\u540e\u52a0\u4ee5\u59d4\u4efb\uff0c\u4e24\u4f4d\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7531\u5916\u4ea4\u90e8\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u52a1\u6240\u90e8\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5b98\u5458\u62c5\u4efb\u3002\u6cd5\u4ee4\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u603b\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e00\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5173\u4fa8\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u4e8c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6709\u5173\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\uff1b\u4e09\uff0c\u6c47\u603b\u76f8\u5173\u804c\u80fd\u90e8\u95e8\u6709\u5173\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\uff1b\u56db\uff0c\u5bf9\u6709\u5173\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229 \uff0c\u52b3\u5de5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u7687\u5bb6\u6cd5\u89c4\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u6761\u4f8b\u8349\u6848\u63d0\u51fa\u610f\u89c1\u3002[76]<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u814a\u8bae\u4f1a\u5efa\u6709 \u2018\u5e0c\u814a\u4fa8\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019(Parliamentarian Committee for expatriate Greeks),\u7531\u5404\u653f\u515a\u8054\u5408\u7ec4\u6210,\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u4e3a\u957f\u8bbe\u7684\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784,\u8bae\u4f1a\u6bcf\u5e74\u4e88\u4ee5\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9884\u7b97,\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u610f\u89c1.[77]<\/p>\n<p>1995\u5e74\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5176\u4fa8\u6c11\u4fdd\u755912\u4e2a\u5e2d\u4f4d\uff0c\u4efb\u671f4 \u5e74\u3002[78]<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u4f1a\u76ee\u524d\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u4e0b\u8bae\u9662\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u4fa8\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4e3a\u2018\u4e0a\u8bae\u9662\u5bf9\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019\uff08The Senate Emigration and Poles Abroad Committee\uff09.\u4e3b\u8981\u5f00\u5c55\u56fd\u9645\u4ea4\u6d41\u5411\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e89\u53d6\u6709\u5173\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e3a\u2018\u4e0b\u9662\u6d77\u5916\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u8054\u7edc\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019(The Sejm Committee on liaison with Poles abroad)\u4e3b\u8981\u5f00\u5c55\u6c11\u95f4\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e0e\u4fa8\u6c11\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002[79]<\/p>\n<p>1998\u5e74\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4e5f\u5efa\u7acb \u2018\u6d77\u5916\u56fd\u6c11\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019\uff08High Council for Nationals living Abroad\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4e0b\u5c5e\u673a\u6784 \u2018\u6d77\u5916\u56fd\u6c11\u534f\u8c03\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u2019(the Co-ordination Council for Nationals living Abroad)\u2018\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bae\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u5c55\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u585e\u6d66\u8def\u65af\u3001\u5723\u9a6c\u529b\u8bfa\u3001\u7b49\u7acb\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u90fd\u8bbe\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784\u3002[80]<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u548c\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u622a\u81f31997\u5e74\u5df2\u6709\u4e4c\u62c9\u572d\u3001\u5df4\u62ff\u9a6c\u3001\u79d8\u9c81\u548c\u8428\u5c14\u74e6\u591a\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u3001\u591a\u7c73\u5c3c\u52a0\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u54e5\u65af\u8fbe\u9ece\u52a0\u3001\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u5c14\u3001\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7b4910\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u5148\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u5173\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u56fe\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002[81]<\/p>\n<p>\u5371\u5730\u9a6c\u62c9\u4e0e\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u62c9\u7f8e\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8fd8\u5206\u522b\u7b7e\u8ba2\u53cc\u8fb9\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u6cd5\u3002[82]<\/p>\n<p>\u5370\u5ea6\u56fd\u4f1a\u57282004\u5e7412\u6708\u901a\u8fc7 \u201c\u53cc\u91cd\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u201d\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7b4916\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002[83]<\/p>\n<p>l\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u521d\u5df2\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\u5c06\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u52a1\u8f93\u51fa\u9010\u6b65\u7eb3\u5165\u6cd5\u5236\u8f68\u9053\uff0c1995\u5e74\u56fd\u4f1a\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7b2c8042\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5373\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u6cd5\u201d\uff08Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act\uff09\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u7acb\u6cd5\u529b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4fdd\u62a4\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4fa8\u6c11\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5982\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e8b\u52a1\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63f4\u52a9\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u201d\u3001\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u52b3\u5de5\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u4eba\u8d44\u6e90\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u7b49\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u30022003\u5e748\u6708\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7b2c9225\u53f7\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5373\u5173\u4e8e\u53cc\u91cd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5df2\u7531\u963f\u7f57\u7ea6\u603b\u7edf\u7b7e\u5b57\u751f\u6548\u3002[84]<\/p>\n<p>5\uff0c \u53ec\u5f00\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5168\u7403\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u6c11\u95f4\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u6bcd\u56fd\u8054\u7cfb<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u6280\u901a\u8baf\u4e0e\u4ea4\u901a\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f7f\u5f97\u79fb\u6c11\u95f4\u5f97\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4fa8\u52a1\u90e8\u95e8\u9042\u53ec\u5f00\u5168\u7403\u6027\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u5168\u7403\u6027\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0e\u6bcd\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1995\u5e74\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u4fa8\u52a1\u53f8[GSGA]\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u2018\u4e16\u754c\u6d77\u5916\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u2019\uff08World Council of Hellene Abroad\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u7b80\u79f0[SAE]\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5e0c\u814a\u4fa8\u6c11\u65e0\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5e0c\u814a\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u8272\u62c9\u7f57\u5c3c\u57fa \uff08Thessaloniki\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u53ec\u5f00\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u4f1a\u3002[85]<\/p>\n<p>\u2018\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5927\u4f1a\u2019(Confederazione degli Italiani nel Mondo-C.I.M\u662f\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ee3\u88685\u5927\u6d3229\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb61900\u591a\u4e2a\u4fa8\u6c11\u534f\u4f1a4\u767e\u4e07\u6210\u5458\u3002\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u30022000\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u201c\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Conference of Italians abroad\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u6d77\u6709\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u4ee3\u8868676\u4eba\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5404\u5730\u4ee3\u8868169\u4eba\u548c\u8bb0\u8005\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458380\u4eba\u3002\u610f\u5927\u5229\u603b\u7edf\u4eb2\u81ea\u51fa\u5e2d\u5927\u4f1a\u5e76\u81f4\u5f00\u5e55\u8f9e\u3002\u4f1a\u8bae\u7740\u91cd\u63a2\u8ba8\u6d77\u5916\u610f\u5927\u5229\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u79d1\u6280\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u65b9\u9762\u4e3a\u6bcd\u56fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002[86]<\/p>\n<p>1997\u5e74,\u79fb\u5c45\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u82ac\u5170\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u4e86 \u201c\u6d77\u5916\u82ac\u5170\u4eba\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d(The Finnish Expatriate Parliament)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u610f\u613f\u7684\u5e73\u53f0.\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u5411\u6240\u6709\u6d77\u5916\u82ac\u5170\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f00\u653e,\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u670932\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684405\u4e2a\u6d77\u5916\u82ac\u5170\u4eba\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e2a \u201c\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\u3002[87]<\/p>\n<p>2000\u5e745\u670819-20\u65e5\uff0c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u53ec\u5f00\u201c\u5168\u7403\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\uff0c\u9080\u8bf728\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u4fa8\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ee3\u8868200\u591a\u4eba\u5c31\u2018\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u2019\u2018\u6c11\u65cf\u653f\u6cbb\u5c55\u671b\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7684\u524d\u9014\u2019\uff0c\u53ca\u2018\u6b27\u6d32\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7ecf\u6d4e\u2019\u7b49\u4e13\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002[88]<\/p>\n<p>1991\u5e7410\u6708\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u66fe\u53ec\u5f00\u8fc7\u9996\u5c4a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u540c\u80de\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\uff08the First World Congress of Compatriots \uff09\u30022004\u5e7410\u6708\u201c\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u540c\u80de\u56fd\u9645\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u201d\uff08the International Council of Russian Compatriots\uff09\u5728\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u53ec\u5f00\uff0c\u6765\u81ea22\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u4fa8\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u63a8\u9009\u51fa\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\uff0c\u5e76\u9080\u8bf7\u83ab\u65af\u79d1\u5e02\u957fYury Luzhkov \u4e3a\u540d\u8a89\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002[89]<\/p>\n<p>1989\u5e74\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u6ce2\u5170\u4fa8\u6c11\u6210\u7acb\u4e86 \u201c\u6ce2\u5170\u534f\u4f1a\u201d(Polonai Association),1990\u5e74\u8be5\u534f\u4f1a\u7531\u201c\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u6d77\u5916\u793e\u533a\u534f\u4f1a\u201d(Polish Community Association)\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3.2001\u5e744\u670828-5\u67083\u65e5\uff0c\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u6d77\u5916\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u4e3e\u884c,\u6765\u81ea\u5168\u7403\u7684320\u540d\u4ee3\u8868\u5c31\u6d77\u5916\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u524d\u9014\u5c55\u5f00\u70ed\u70c8\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u57286 \u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5efa\u7acb\u2018\u4e16\u754c\u6ce2\u5170\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u534f\u4f1a\u2019\uff08World Council of Polonia\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6ce2\u5170\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u6700\u9ad8\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u603b\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u6ce2\u5170\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e0b\u9662\u4fee\u6539\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5229\u5916\u7c4d\u6ce2\u5170\u4eba\u5165\u5883\u3002[90]<\/p>\n<p>2002\u5e745 \u6708\u5728\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u9996\u90fd\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u5927 \u4f1a\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u4e24\u5343\u591a\u4fa8\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u805a\u96c6\u4e00\u5802\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u52a0\u5f3a\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u6c11\u4e0e\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u51b3\u8bae\u3002[91]<\/p>\n<p>1997\u5e74\uff0c\u8d1d\u5b81\u53ec\u5f00\u9996\u5c4a\u8d1d\u5b81\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002[92]<\/p>\n<p>2004\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u5728\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u53ec\u5f00\u201c\u53d9\u5229\u4e9a\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u4f1a\u201d[93]<\/p>\n<p>2005\u5e7410\u6708\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u53ec\u5f00\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c4a\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u65cf\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\u5927\u4f1a\u201d\u3002[94]<\/p>\n<p>\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u79ef\u6781\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u6210\u7acb\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u9ece\u5df4\u5ae9\u4eba\u6587\u5316\u8054\u5408\u4f1a\u201d( World Lebanese Cultural Union, WLCU)\uff1b[95]<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u65e5\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6d77\u5916\u65e5\u4eba\u534f\u4f1a\u201d\uff08Association of Nikkei and Japanese Abroad\uff09\u6bcf\u5e74\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u53ec\u5f00\u6d77\u5916\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u4f1a\u8bae\u30021975\u5e74\u81f32001\u5e74\u5df2\u5148\u540e\u53ec\u5f00\u8fc7\u5404\u79cd\u4fa8\u6c11\u4f1a\u8bae42\u6b21\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u6bcf\u4e24\u5e74\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u6b21\u6cdb\u7f8e\u6d32\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u9080\u96c6\u7f8e\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u65e5\u672c\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u533a\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u3002[96]<\/p>\n<p>6\uff0c \u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u6708,\u79fb\u6c11\u5468\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u65e5\u6d3b\u52a8,\u8868\u5f70\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5411\u5fc3\u529b\u548c\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u591a\u56e0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6216\u653f\u6cbb\u5b97\u6559\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u80cc\u4e95\u79bb\u4e61\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u6d77\u5916\u7684\u8270\u8f9b\u5c81\u6708\uff0c\u9c9c\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e5f\u5e38\u4e3a\u56fd\u4eba\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u52a0\u5f3a\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u611f\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6bcd\u56fd\u5efa\u8bbe\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u58f0\u52bf\u6d69\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u6708\u548c\u4fa8\u6c11\u65e5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u8868\u5f70\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\uff0c\u5927\u5f20\u65d7\u9f13\u5730\u5ba3\u4f20\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u6536\u5230\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1988\u5e74\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u603b\u7edf\u963f\u57fa\u8bfa\u7b7e\u7f72276\u53f7\u544a\u793a(Proclamation No,276)\uff0c \u5ba3\u5e03\u6bcf\u5e7412\u6708\u4e3a\u201c\u83f2\u4fa8\u6708\u201d(month of Overseas Filipinos), \u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4e3e\u529e\u5404\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8, \u8868\u5f70\u83f2\u4fa8\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9,\u80af\u5b9a\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u6d77\u5916\u52b3\u5de5\u4e3a\u201c\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u82f1\u96c4\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u5411\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u79c1\u4eba\u673a\u6784\u9881\u53d1\u603b\u7edf\u5956\u8d4f\u30021991\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u9881\u53d1\u603b\u7edf\u5956\u8d4f\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u5df2\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u52302003\u5e74\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5df2\u670935\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684156\u4e2a\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u673a\u6784\u53d7\u5230\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5956\u8d4f\u3002[97]<\/p>\n<p>2003\u5e74\u5370\u5ea6\u653f\u5e9c\u6839\u636e\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u5e74\u76841\u67089\u65e5\u5373\u5723\u96c4\u7518\u5730\u4ece\u5357\u975e\u8fd4\u56de\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5929\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u65e5\uff0c(\uff08PRAVASI BHARATIYA DIVAS\uff09\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u4e3e\u529e\u4e863\u5c4a\u3002\u6bcf\u5c4a\u90fd\u53ec\u5f00\u5168\u7403\u5370\u4eba\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4e00\u6279\u6d77\u5916\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3e\u529e\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u4ea4\u6613\u4f1a\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f1a\u548c\u7535\u5f71\u8282\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u65e5\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u867d\u4e0d\u5e78\u9047\u4e0a\u4e86\u5357\u4e9a\u6d77\u5578\uff0c\u4ecd\u670961\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u8fd12000\u5370\u5ea6\u79fb\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u5370\u5ea6\u603b\u7edf\u5728\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u53f7\u53ec\u6d77\u5916\u5370\u4eba\u6210\u7acb\u6d77\u5916\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u96c6\u8d441 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\u67082-3\u65e5\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff08IOM\uff09\u66fe\u5728\u65e5\u5185\u74e6\u53ec\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bdd\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u79fb\u6c11\u5f15\u5bfc\u5230\u53d1\u5c55\u653f\u7b56\u4e3b\u6d41\u8bae\u7a0b\u4e0a\u6765\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u6709\u5c06\u8fd1100\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c40\u4e2a\u653f\u5e9c\u95f4\u548c\u975e\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4f1a\u4e0a\uff0cIOM\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5173\u4e8e\u5404\u56fd\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8fd9\u4efd\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u4f1a\u8bae\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u636e\u3002[110]<\/p>\n<p>\uff08A\uff09\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u5730\u533a\u4e0a\u770b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09\u975e\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4fa8\u6c11\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6781\u5927\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u624d\u5148\u540e\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u540e\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u7eb7\u4e89\u4e0d\u65ad\uff0c\u653f\u5c40\u52a8\u8361\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6687\u987e\u53ca\u4fa8\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u975e\u6d32\u5c40\u52bf\u65e5\u8d8b\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u59cb\u7740\u624b\u5efa\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u9762\u5411\u4fa8\u6c11\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u5f00\u53d1\u6d77\u5916\u667a\u529b\u548c\u8d22\u529b\u8d44\u6e90\u30022001\u5e74\uff0c\u5728IOM\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u975e\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u6218\u7565\u201d\u7684\u673a\u6784Migration for Development in Africa strategy (MIDA)\u3002\u8be5\u673a\u6784\u9f13\u52b1\u975e\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u5404\u56fd\u6d77\u5916\u79fb\u6c11\u793e\u7fa4\u548c\u6c11\u95f4\u56e2\u4f53\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u975e\u6d32\u8d2b\u7a77\u843d\u540e\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u800c\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u3002[1111 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migration theories\uff09\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u79d1\u7814\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5176\u5b83\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5982\u201c\u5370\u5ea6\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u201d\u7740\u91cd\u4ecb\u7ecdRobin Cohen\u7b49\u4eba\u5173\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u88d4\u7fa4\u7406\u8bba\uff08Global Diaspora\uff09,\u8003\u5bdf\u5341\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u88d4\u7fa4\u72b6\u51b5\u5e76\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u4fa8\u52a1\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6548\u7387\u505a\u51fa\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u7528\u4e8614\u9875\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002[112] 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116]<\/p>\n<p>\u542f\u793a\u4e09\uff1a\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u8c03\u52a8\u5e7f\u5927\u4fa8\u80de\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027.<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u53d7\u5230\u5404\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u7ed9\u5bb6\u4e61\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u662f\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u957f\u671f\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d44\u6e90\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u5f53\u653f\u8005\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u79fb\u6c11\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f\u79fb\u6c11\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u2018\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u2019\uff1f\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u770b\u6210\u53ef\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u201d\uff1f\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u79fb\u6c11\u653f\u7b56\u65f6\u90fd\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u2018\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u2019\u5305\u542b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u521b\u9020\u529b\u3002\u4ebf\u4e07\u79fb\u6c11\u79bb\u4e61\u80cc\u4e95\uff0c\u8fdc\u6e21\u91cd\u6d0b\u6765\u5230\u4eba\u5730\u751f\u758f\u7684\u5916\u56fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u8c0b\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8282\u8863\u7f29\u98df\u628a\u94b1\u6c47\u56de\u5bb6\u91cc\u4e3a\u7684\u662f\u6539\u5584\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u4ebf\u4e07\u7fa4\u4f17\u6c42\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u8c0b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u80a1\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u80a1\u529b\u91cf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u4eec\u662f\u9760\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u667a\u6167\u548c\u8f9b\u52e4\u52b3\u52a8\u6210\u5bb6\u7acb\u4e1a\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u548c\u5730\u4f4d\u5927\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u4f53\u5236\u4e4b\u5916\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u5386\u5c3d\u5343\u8f9b, \u6740\u51fa\u4e00\u7247\u5929\u5730\u540e\u624d\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u627f\u8ba4\u7684\u3002\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f53\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u770b\u5f85\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u521b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4e0d\u61c2\u5f97\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u2018\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u2019\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9884\u671f\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6Stephen Castles\u66fe\u53cd\u590d\u4e3e\u51fa\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7b49\u56fd\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002[117 ]<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\u201d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u59cb\u7ec8\u628a\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u80de\u548c\u5f52\u4fa8\u4fa8\u7737\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5229\u76ca\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u548c\u843d\u811a\u70b9\uff0c\u52aa\u529b\u505a\u5230\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5927\u5c40\u670d\u52a1\u548c\u4e3a\u4fa8\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6df1\u523b\u7406\u89e3\u5e76\u5168\u9762\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u8d2f\u5f7b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u76843000\u591a\u4e07\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u4fa8\u80de\u4f5c\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670d\u52a1\u5bf9\u8c61\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u70b9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u8001\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5176\u540e\u88d4\u5360\u4e86\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u5c11\u6570\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u53c2\u52a0\u5f53\u5730\u56fd\u7c4d\u6210\u4e3a\u5916\u7c4d\u534e\u4eba\u5360\u5c45\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u7c4d\u7684\u534e\u4fa8\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u4e0d\u6298\u4e0d\u6263\u5730\u843d\u5b9e\u4fa8\u52a1\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u5230\u59cb\u7ec8\u7ef4\u62a4\u6d77\u5916\u4fa8\u80de\u548c\u5f52\u4fa8\u4fa8\u7737\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5229\u76ca\u5e76\u4e14\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u548c\u843d\u811a\u70b9\uff0c\u51b3\u975e\u6613\u4e8b\u3002\u5e94\u5f53\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u4fa8\u52a1\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf9\u6d77\u5916\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u9762\u8fd8\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a84\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u540e\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u524d\u51fa\u53bb\u7684\u8001\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u534e\u4f20\u7edf\u6587\u5316\u7684\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\u534e\u4fa8\u4e0e\u534e\u4eba\u53ca\u5176\u793e\u56e2\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u7740\u6210\u7ee9\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u5f53\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u56db\u4ee3\u534e\u4eba\u5c31\u9694\u819c\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u6b63\u662f\u6c47\u5165\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5148\u950b\uff0c\u8fdc\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u5f20\u534e\u4eba\u5e94\u6c47\u5165\u5f53\u5730\u4e3b\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u524d,\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u5c31\u5df2\u8fdc\u79bb\u6545\u571f\uff0c\u8d70\u5230\u5f02\u56fd\u4ed6\u4e61\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5bb6\u4e1a\uff0c\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u6df1\u6df1\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u503e\u542c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5904\u5883\u548c\u5207\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u662f\u6446\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u91cd\u5927\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u4e0d\u4f46\u5728\u4eba\u6570\u4e0a\u5360\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u8001\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u534e\u6587\u5316\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u90a3\u5206\u4fa8\u80de\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcd\u56fd\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u8005\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u70ed\u5fc3\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5df2\u6df1\u6df1\u624e\u6839\u4e8e\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d70\u5411\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u5d1b\u8d77\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5c45\u4f4f\u56fd\u7684\u53cb\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u65b9\u9762\u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u65f6\u5e38\u8003\u8651\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u5173\u5fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5207\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7cbe\u795e\u3002[ 118]<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u5916\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u770b\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7ed9\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u8f93\u51fa\u56fd\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u56fd\u5229\u7528\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e86\u79fb\u6c11\u672c\u8eab\u53d1\u6325\u201c\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u201d\u7684\u7a7a\u524d\u673a\u9047\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u505a\u5230\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u672c\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5c0a\u91cd\u534e\u4fa8\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u56e2\u7ed3\u6700\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u4fa8\u80de\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u8c03\u52a8\u8d77\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002[119]<br \/>\n\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>[1] \u80e1\u9526\u6d9b\u540c\u5fd7\u4e3b\u6301\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u6cbb\u5c40\u7b2c\u5341\u6b21\u96c6\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u65f6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd\u3002<br \/>\n[2] \u9ec4\u7ecd\u6e58\uff1a\u300a\u7f8e\u56fd\u901a\u53f2\u7b80\u7f16\u300b\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e1979\u5e74\u7248\u7b2c18\u9875\uff1b \u827e\u91cc\u514b\u3002\u5a01\u5ec9\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5974\u96b6\u5236\u5ea6\u300b\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1982\u7248\u7b2c10\u9875\u3002<br \/>\n[3] Appleyard, R.T., International Migration: Challenge for the Nineties Geneva: IOM, 1991<br \/>\n[4] Massey, Douglas S. Patterns and Processes of International Migration in the 21st Century,<br \/>\n2003.<br \/>\n[5] Massey, Douglas S., Joaquin Arango, Graeme Hugo, Ali Kouaouci, Adela Pellegrino, and J<br \/>\nEdward Taylor, Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the<br \/>\nMillennium. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1998<br \/>\n[6] Potts, L., The World Labour Market: A History of Migration, London, 1990, p63-108.<br \/>\n[7] \u53c2\u770b \u90ac\u6ca6\u840d \u4e3b\u7f16\uff0c\u4faf\u6587\u82e5 \u526f\u4e3b\u7f16\uff1a\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1983\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c365-346\u9875.<br \/>\n[8] Massey, Douglas S. et al, Worlds in Motion: 1998 p 6-7\u3002<br \/>\n[9] Kritz, M. M., Lim, L. L. and Zlotnik, H. 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Longman.1997<br \/>\n[18] Castles, Stephen\uff0c \u2018Migration and Community Formation under Conditions of Globalization\u2019 2001 http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/most\/apmrcast.htm\uff1b &#8212;&#8212;-\uff0c \u2018The Factors that Make and Unmake Migration Policies\u2019 , CMD Working Paper 2003 #03-09a<br \/>\n[19]commiaaion on Filipinos Overseas, Handbook for Filipinos Overseas, 6th Efition Manila,2002 ; Kathleen Newland, \u2018Beyond Remittances: The Role of Diaspora in Poverty Reduction in their Countries of Origin\u2019, Migration Policy Institute, 2004<br \/>\n[20]Multilateral Investment Fund Inter-American Development ,, Remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean: Comparative Statistics 2001<br \/>\n[21] World Bank. 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